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  • 1
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    Electrostrictive Graft Elastomers and Applications (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Efficient actuators that are lightweight, high performance and compact are needed to support telerobotic requirements for future NASA missions. In this work, we present a new class of electromechanically active polymers that can potentially be used as actuators to meet many NASA needs. The materials are graft elastomers that offer high strain under an applied electric field. Due to its higher mechanical modulus, this elastomer also has a higher strain energy density as compared to previously reported electrostrictive polyurethane elastomers. The dielectric, mechanical and electromechanical properties of this new electrostrictive elastomer have been studied as a function of temperature and frequency. Combined with structural analysis using x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry on the new elastomer, structure-property interrelationship and mechanisms of the electric field induced strain in the graft elastomer have also been investigated. This electroactive polymer (EAP) has demonstrated high actuation strain and high mechanical energy density. The combination of these properties with its tailorable molecular composition and excellent processability makes it attractive for a variety of actuation tasks. The experimental results and applications will be presented.
    Keywords: Nonmetallic Materials
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Electroactive Polymers as Artificial Muscles - Reality and Challenges (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Electroactive Polymers (EAPs) are emerging as effective displacement actuators. These materials offer the closest resemblance of biological muscle potentially enabling unique capabilities changing the paradigm about robots construction. Under a NASA task, several EAP driven mechanisms were developed including dust wiper, gripper, and robotic arm EAP are inducing a low actuation force limiting the applications that can use their current capability. In recognition of this limitation a series of international forums were established including SPIE conference, Webhub, Newsletter, and Newsgroup. A challenge was posed to the EAP community to have an arm wrestling between robot that is equipped with EAP actuators and human.
    Keywords: Nonmetallic Materials
    Type: Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Aerospace Materials, Processes, and Environmental Technology; NASA/CP-2001-210427
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Electro-Statically Stricted Polymers (ESSP) (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: Miniature, lightweight, miser actuators that operate similar to biological muscles can be used to develop robotic devices with unmatched capabilities and impact many technology areas. Electroactive polymers (EAP) offer the potential to producing such actuators and their main attractive feature is their ability to induce relatively large bending or longitudinal strain. EAP actuators can change the paradigm about the complexity of robots, where robotic components such as motors, gears, bearings, and others can be eliminated with simple drive mechanisms. Generally, these materials produce a relatively low force and the applications that can be considered at the current state of the art are relatively limited. While improved material are being developed there is a need for methods to develop longitudinal actuators that can contract similar to muscles. In this study, the authors began investigating the electromechanical behavior of polymers in reaction to a complex configuration of electric fields. A computer model was used to simulate the electromechanical response. Efforts were made to develop both the material basis as well as the electromechanical modeling of the actuator.
    Keywords: Nonmetallic Materials
    Type: Paper 3669-41 , Smart Structures and Materials; Mar 01, 1999 - Mar 05, 1999; Newport Beach, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Scaling Laws of Microactuators and Potential Applications of Electroactive Polymers in MEMS (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: Besides the scale factor that distinguishes the various species, fundamentally biological muscles changes little between species, indicating a highly optimized system. Electroactive polymer actuators offer the closest resemblance to biological muscles, however besides the large actuation displacement these materials are falling short with regards to the actuation force. As improved materials are emerging it is becoming necessary to address key issues such as the need for effective electromechanical modeling and guiding parameters in scaling the actuators. In this paper, we will review the scaling laws for three major actuation mechanisms that are of relevance to micro electromechanical systems: electrostatic actuation, magnetic actuation, thermal bimetallic actuation, and piezoelectric actuation.
    Keywords: Nonmetallic Materials
    Type: Paper 3669-33 , Smart Structures and Materials; Mar 01, 1999 - Mar 05, 1999; Newport Beach, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Flexible Low-Mass Devices and Mechanisms Actuated by Electroactive Polymers (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Miniature, lightweight, miser actuators that operate similar to biological muscles can be used to develop robotic devices with unmatched capabilities to impact many technology areas. Electroactive polymers (EAP) offer the potential to producing such actuators and their main attractive feature is their ability to induce relatively large bending or longitudinal strain. Generally, these materials produce a relatively low force and the applications that can be considered at the current state of the art are relatively limited. This reported study is concentrating on the development of effective EAPs and the resultant enabling mechanisms employing their unique characteristics. Several EAP driven mechanisms, which emulate human hand, were developed including a gripper, manipulator arm and surface wiper. The manipulator arm was made of a composite rod with an EAP actuator consisting of a scrolled rope that is activated longitudinally by an electrostatic field. A gripper was made to serve as an end effector and it consisted of multiple bending EAP fingers for grabbing and holding such objects as rocks. An EAP surface wiper was developed to operate like a human finger and to demonstrate the potential to remove dust from optical and IR windows as well as solar cells. These EAP driven devices are taking advantage of the large actuation displacement of these materials but there is need for a significantly greater actuation force capability.
    Keywords: Nonmetallic Materials
    Type: Paper 3669-38 , Smart Structures and Materials; Mar 01, 1999 - Mar 05, 1999; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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