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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trissolcus basalis ; Nezara viridula ; Hymenoptera ; Scelionidae ; Heteroptera ; Pentatomidae ; kairomone ; parasitoid ; identification ; defensive glands ; host location ; (E)-2-decenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A short-chain α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, (E)-2-decenal, present in the defensive metathoracic gland ofNezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), stimulates a behavioral response in the egg parasitoidTrissolcus basalis (Woll.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Preliminary studies showed thatT. basalis are attracted to an area containing adultN. viridula, but we also found that femaleT. basalis would examine and probe glass beads coated with an acetone extract of the metathoracic gland from males or females. Using this bioassay, the kairomone was isolated by bioassay directed by preparative gas chromatography and identified by NMR and mass spectrometry as (E)-2-decenal. The biological activity of the identified aldehyde was compared with analogs to determine specificity. An unstable Z isomer was found to be more active but not present in detectable or behaviorly relevant levels in the host, based on the bell-shaped dose-response curve of the two isomers. An investigation was also designed to determine if theE isomer was also responsible for the egg recognition kairomone activity previously reported. However, no 2-decenal isomers were detected in host egg extracts and the chemical characteristics of the 2-decenal isomers differ from the unidentified egg recognition kairomone. The role of the (E)-2-decenal in attracting femaleT. basalts toN. viridula was demonstrated in a Y-tube olfactometer; this alk-2-enal appears to act as a long-range kairomone orientingT. basalis toNezara populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Trissolcus basalis ; in vitro rearing ; artificial medium ; Nezara viridula ; egg parasitoid ; insect material ; amino acids balance ; Trissolcus basalis ; élevagein vitro ; milieu oligidique ; Nezara viridula ; parasitoïde oophage ; matériel insecte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'élevagein vitro du parasitoïde oophageTrissolcus basalis a été entrepris à partir d'œufs prélevés dans l'hôte naturelNezara viridula. Plusieurs milieux oligidiques, contenant du “matériel insecte” (hémolymphe de larves deManduca sexta, vitellus d'œufs hôtes) ont été testés. A partir d'un milieu initial à base d'hémolymphe, où le taux de mortalité des œufs était très élevé, nous avons obtenu, en diminuant la teneur en hémolymphe et en augmentant celle en jaune d'œuf de poule, un taux d'éclosion voisin de 70% avec 15% de larves de second stade et 5% de larves de troisième et dernier stade. Des résultats intéressants ont été obtenus dans un milieu dépourvu d'hémolymphe, mais contenant du vitellus d'œufs deN. viridula parasités: 90 à 100% d'éclosion, 25 à 27% de L2 et 8% de L3.
    Notes: Abstract In vitro rearing of the egg parasitoidTrissolcus basalis (WOLL.) from eggs collected on the natural hostNezara viridula (L.) was initiated. Several oligidic diets containing insect material (Manduca sexta hemolymph or host egg content) were tested. Our initial medium with 50% hemolymph induced a high egg mortality, but by decreasing the hemolymph concentration, increasing the hen egg yolk concentration and adding 15% of free amino acids mixture, a hatching rate of 85% of the parasitoid eggs was obtained with 39% reaching the second instar and 33% the third instar. In a medium without hemolymph, but with 18% liquid from parasitized host eggs we obtained 90% to 100% hatching, 25 to 27% reaching the second instar and 8% the third instar. We did not obtain pupation from eggsin vitro, but did get pupae and adults from larvae rearedin vivo to second instar and transfered to anin vitro system.
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