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  • 1
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    Tuned responses of astrocytes and their influence on hemodynamic signals in the visual cortex (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: Astrocytes have long been thought to act as a support network for neurons, with little role in information representation or processing. We used two-photon imaging of calcium signals in the ferret visual cortex in vivo to discover that astrocytes, like neurons, respond to visual stimuli, with distinct spatial receptive fields and sharp tuning to visual stimulus features including orientation and spatial frequency. The stimulus-feature preferences of astrocytes were exquisitely mapped across the cortical surface, in close register with neuronal maps. The spatially restricted stimulus-specific component of the intrinsic hemodynamic mapping signal was highly sensitive to astrocyte activation, indicating that astrocytes have a key role in coupling neuronal organization to mapping signals critical for noninvasive brain imaging. Furthermore, blocking astrocyte glutamate transporters influenced the magnitude and duration of adjacent visually driven neuronal responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schummers, James -- Yu, Hongbo -- Sur, Mriganka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1638-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1156120.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspartic Acid/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Blood Volume ; Brain Mapping ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Ferrets ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Photic Stimulation ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/blood supply/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    V1 neurons signal acquisition of an internal representation of stimulus location (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: A fundamental aspect of visuomotor behavior is deciding where to look or move next. Under certain conditions, the brain constructs an internal representation of stimulus location on the basis of previous knowledge and uses it to move the eyes or to make other movements. Neuronal responses in primary visual cortex were modulated when such an internal representation was acquired: Responses to a stimulus were affected progressively by sequential presentation of the stimulus at one location but not when the location was varied randomly. Responses of individual neurons were spatially tuned for gaze direction and tracked the Bayesian probability of stimulus appearance. We propose that the representation arises in a distributed cortical network and is associated with systematic changes in response selectivity and dynamics at the earliest stages of cortical visual processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharma, Jitendra -- Dragoi, Valentin -- Tenenbaum, Joshua B -- Miller, Earl K -- Sur, Mriganka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1758-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jeetu@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Cues ; Electrophysiology ; Fixation, Ocular/*physiology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Probability ; Random Allocation ; Saccades/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    El-Boustani et al. reply (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉El-Boustani, Sami -- Wilson, Nathan R -- Runyan, Caroline A -- Sur, Mriganka -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 3;508(7494):E3-4. doi: 10.1038/nature13130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24695315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Division and subtraction by distinct cortical inhibitory networks in vivo (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-11
    Description: Brain circuits process information through specialized neuronal subclasses interacting within a network. Revealing their interplay requires activating specific cells while monitoring others in a functioning circuit. Here we use a new platform for two-way light-based circuit interrogation in visual cortex in vivo to show the computational implications of modulating different subclasses of inhibitory neurons during sensory processing. We find that soma-targeting, parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons principally divide responses but preserve stimulus selectivity, whereas dendrite-targeting, somatostatin-expressing (SOM) neurons principally subtract from excitatory responses and sharpen selectivity. Visualized in vivo cell-attached recordings show that division by PV neurons alters response gain, whereas subtraction by SOM neurons shifts response levels. Finally, stimulating identified neurons while scanning many target cells reveals that single PV and SOM neurons functionally impact only specific subsets of neurons in their projection fields. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibitory neuronal subclasses have distinct and complementary roles in cortical computations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3653570/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3653570/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Nathan R -- Runyan, Caroline A -- Wang, Forea L -- Sur, Mriganka -- R01 EY007023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018648/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 16;488(7411):343-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11347.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Electrophysiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Somatostatin/metabolism ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Orientation maps of subjective contours in visual cortex (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Responses to subjective contours in visual cortical areas V1 and V2 in adult cats were investigated by optical imaging of intrinsic signals and single-unit recording. Both V1 and V2 contain maps of the orientation of subjective gratings that have their basis in specific kinds of neuronal responses to subjective orientations. A greater proportion of neurons in V2 than in V1 show a robust response to subjective edges. Through the use of subjective stimuli in which the orientation of the luminance component is invariant, an unmasked V1 response to subjective edges alone can be demonstrated. The data indicate that the processing of subjective contours begins as early as V1 and continues progressively in higher cortical areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheth, B R -- Sharma, J -- Rao, S C -- Sur, M -- EY07023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2110-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. msur@wccf.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Mapping ; Cats ; *Form Perception ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Light ; Neurons/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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