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  • Nematodes  (3)
  • Desert grassland  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil biota and soil properties in the surface rooting zone of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) in historical and recently desertified Chihuahuan Desert habitats (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 90-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Desertification ; Prosopis glandulosa ; Soil properties ; Mites ; Collembolans ; Nematodes ; Nitrogen mineralization ; Chihuanhuan desert
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The woody legume, mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) has expanded from its historical habitats (playas and arroyos) to recently occupied grassland and dune habitats during the desertification of perennial grasslands in the Chihuahuan Desert. We studied historical and recently occupied sites, having hypothesized that the trophic structure and population density of soil microarthropods and nematodes associated with the surface root system of mesquite would differ in sites representing historical and recent habitats, and that the N mineralization potential would be lower in the recent habitats. Our results showed that net N mineralization potential did not differ significantly among the sites, even though soil nutrient concentrations and texture varied widely. Concentrations of organic C, N, and P were lowest in the recent dune habitat and highest at the playa. Very low concentrations of P in the dune and grassland soils implicated P as a limiting factor in these systems. The bacterial-feeding and omnivore-predator functional groups made up the largest fraction of the nematode community at most of the sites. The high density of plant-feeding nematodes at the playa indicated that herbivory is potentially most important at this site. Total microarthropod densities did not vary significantly among habitats, with Collembola densities highest in the mesquite dunes. Grazers were the dominant microarthropod functional group. While both C and N pool sizes were higher in the historical habitats, a higher substrate lability in the recent habitats appeared to support biota populations and N mineralization rates equivalent to those in the playa and arroyo. Differences in soil properties and biota among historical and recent mesquite habitats may be important for understanding the changes that have occurred in Chihuahuan Desert ecosystems during desertification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336256
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition and soil biota after reclamation of coal mine spoils in an arid region (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Decomposition ; Mine spoil reclamation ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Protozoans ; Nematodes ; Microarthropods ; Nitrogen immobilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We compared soil biota and buried wheat straw decomposition on sites subject to topsoiling plus straw mulch reclamation procedures 1–4 years prior to our study and on an unmined site. Rates of straw decomposition were highest on the unmined site. Decomposition rates were higher on the 1- and 2-year-old sites than on the 3- and 4-year-old reclaimed spoil. Microarthropod population densities and number of taxa were greater from decomposing straw on the unmined site and lowest from straw on the 1- and 2-year-old areas. Soil bacteria, fungi, and protozoan populations on buried straw on the oldest reclaimed sites were generally equal to those on the unmined area. Nematode populations on buried straw in the unmined site and 1- and 2-year-old reclaimed sites were similar. Populations of denitrifying bacteria were larger on recently reclaimed sites than on 3- and 4-year-old sites. Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization varied as a function of the diversity and abundance of soil microarthropods. Soil microfauna can serve as an index of soil development in a disturbed arid soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256986
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of oxamyl and chlordane on the activities of nontarget soil organisms (1985)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microcosms ; Microflora ; Nematodes ; Soil-litter respiration ; Soil Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of two pesticides, oxamyl and chlordane, on nontarget soil biota were examined in microcosms. Neither oxamyl nor chlordane had an effect on rates of litter decomposition or soil and litter respiration. There were differences in numbers of nematodes and protozoans and in biomass of bacteria and fungi in microcosms with and without chlordane on some sampling dates. One of the nematodes, Pelodera sp., died out in all of the microcosms within 30 days. Although the pesticide chlordane had no measurable effect on the activities of the soil biota as measured by respiration and mass loss, it did affect the population sizes and biomass of some grazers of soil biota.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301781
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil microarthropods as indicators of exposure to environmental stress in Chihuahuan Desert rangelands (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Desertification ; Desert grassland ; Grazing ; Herbicides ; Indicators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  We studied soil microarthropod communities along livestock grazing disturbance gradients, inside and outside grazing exclosures, and on areas subjected to restoration efforts (herbicide and bulldozing) in order to test the suitability of mites as indicators of rangeland soil quality. We found that mite numbers generally increased with decreased grazing disturbance. Soil microarthropods appeared to respond to a complex of factors including soil compaction, depth to an impervious soil layer, below-ground vegetative biomass, and residual effects of herbicide. All of our study plots, except those that had been herbicide treated, were dominated by microbivorous mites of the family Nanorchestidae. The numerical responses of mites, especially nanorchestids, appeared to provide a sensitive indicator of ecosystem health in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050472
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