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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual landmarks and route following in desert ants (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 435-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Ants ; Landmarks ; Learning ; Navigation ; Vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Little is known about the way in which animals far from home use familiar landmarks to guide their homeward path. Desert ants, Cataglyphis spp., which forage individually over long distances are beginning to provide some answers. We find that ants running 30 m from a feeding place to their nest memorise the visual characteristics of prominent landmarks which lie close to their path. Although remembered visual features are used for identifying a landmark and for deciding whether to go to its left or right, they are not responsible for the detailed steering of an ant's path. The form of the trajectory as an ant approaches and detours around a landmark seems to be controlled by the latter's immediate retinal size; the larger it is, the greater the ant's turning velocity away from the landmark.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learnt sensori-motor mappings in honeybees: interpolation and its possible relevance to navigation (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 287-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Visuo-motor learning ; Interpolation ; Bees ; Navigation ; Motor commands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the ability of bees to associate a motor parameter with a sensory one. Foragers were trained to fly along a prescribed route through a large box which was partitioned into compartments. Access from one compartment to the next was through a hole in each partition. In two of the compartments, the back wall was covered with a grating of black and white stripes. Stripe orientations and the required trajectories differed in the two compartments so giving bees the opportunity to learn that one stripe orientation signalled the need to fly leftwards and the other rightwards. We videotaped the bees' trajectories through one of these compartments in tests with the grating on the back wall in one of four possible orientations. Flight trajectories to stripes in the training orientations were appropriately to the left or to the right implying that bees had linked a given flight direction to a given stripe orientation. With gratings oriented between the training values, flight directions were, under some conditions, intermediate between the training directions. This interpolation indicates that the training regime had induced a continuous mapping between stripe orientation and trajectory direction and thus suggests that trajectory direction is a motor parameter which is encoded explicitly within the brain. We describe a simple network that interpolates much like bees and we consider how interpolation may contribute to the ability of bees to navigate flexibly within a familiar environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192418
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    View-based navigation in Hymenoptera: multiple strategies of landmark guidance in the approach to a feeder (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 47-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Bees ; Wasps ; Navigation ; Landmark guidance ; Image matching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to analyse how landmarks guide the last stages of an insect's approach to a goal, we recorded many flights of individual wasps and honeybees as they flew to an inconspicuous feeder on the ground that was marked by one or by two nearby landmarks. An individual tends to approach the feeder from a constant direction, flying close to the ground. Its body is oriented in roughly the same horizontal direction during the approach so that the feeder and landmarks are viewed over a narrow range of directions. Consequently, when the insect arrives at the feeder, the landmarks take up a standard position on the retina. Three navigational strategies govern the final approach. The insect first aims at a landmark, treating it as a beacon. Secondly, bees learn the appearance of a landmark with frontal retina and they associate with this stored view a motor trajectory which brings them from the landmark sufficiently close to the goal that it can be reached by image matching. Insects then move so as to put the landmark in its standard retinal position. Image matching is shown to be accomplished by a control system which has as set points the standard retinal position of the landmark and some parameter related to its retinal size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050092
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