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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of inorganic salts on the micellar behaviour of ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers in aqueous solution (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 657-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Micelles ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers ; Aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The aggregation behaviour of two ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers (PEO-PPO-PEO) in aqueous solution has been investigated in the presence of added salts (KCNS, KI, KBr, KCl and KF) by viscosity, cloud point, light scattering, pulse gradient spin echo NMR, and solubilization measurements. The salts have a strong effect on the cloud points of the pluronics. Both P-85 and L-64 form micelles which increase in size and change into elongated shapes when the cloud point is approached. The changes of size and shape of the micelles, revealed by the intrinsic viscosity and rheological properties, seem to occur at the same temperature relative to the cloud point, independent of the nature of the salt. The onset of micelle formation is also shifted in the same direction as the cloud point by the salts, but by a much smaller amount.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652828
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Modelling Of Turbulent Airflow Over Water Waves (2000)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 95 (2000), S. 397-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: NLMSFD ; Wind waves ; Second-order closure schemes ; Wave age ; Growth rate parameter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A nonlinear numerical model is developed for turbulent boundary-layer flowover a train of water waves of finite amplitude or slope. The airflow isassumed to be steady, two-dimensional, and neutrally-stratified. The wavesurface is assumed to be aerodynamically rough and flow conditions at thewave surface are prescribed. The numerical model used in this study adoptsthree turbulence closure schemes with different degrees of physicalcompleteness. Two of these are second-order schemes, whichare believed to describe turbulent flow more completely than thesimpler closures used in most previous studies. Although models with all turbulence closures agree qualitatively in the prediction of the amplitude of the surface normal stress perturbation, the lower- and higher-order closures differ significantly in predictions of phase, and hence the form drag and energy transfer rate between wind and waves. Our model results are in reasonable agreement with field and laboratory measurements, although predicted energy transfer rates are generally at the low end of the range of experimental values. Cases with airflow at various angles to the wave direction are also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002677312259
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