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  • NDE  (5)
  • Bone
  • Springer  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1984  (8)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (8)
Years
  • 1980-1984  (8)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Ultrasonic ; stress measurements ; interfacial stress ; NiTi ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In seeking to develop an NDE technique for verifying the serviceability of NiTi couplers for plumbing unions, it was found that the reflection coefficient for a normally incident ultrasonic wave correlated with the stress level at the NiTi-tubing interface. Current theory pertaining to interface reflection is not complete but, even at present status, there is semiquantitative accord between theoretical predictions and normalized data for reflection coefficient versus stress level. These results are at fixed frequency and with comparable surface roughness. Variation of either frequency or surface roughness further affects the reflection coefficient. Current studies are being pursued to define this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S7 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Mechanical function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The variety of different mechanical functions required of whole bones is discussed. Often, the design optimizing the structure for one function is not optimal for another function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Mineral ; Amorphous calcium phosphate ; X-ray diffraction ; Radial distribution function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary X-ray diffraction radial distribution function analysis was used to determine if a significant amount of an amorphous solid phase of calcium phosphate exists in bone, and if so, whether the amount varies as a function of age and maturation. Unfractionated cortical bone from embryonic and posthatch chicks of various ages and a low-density fraction of embryonic bone were studied. No evidence was found for the presence of an amorphous solid phase of calcium phosphate in any of the samples studied, including the recently deposited bone mineral of the low density fraction of embryonic bone. As little as 12.5% of synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) added to bone was readily detected by the radial distribution function technique used. The results clearly indicate that the concept that ACP is the initial solid mineral phase deposited in bone, and the major mineral constituent of young bone is no longer tenable. The concept does not provide an accurate description of the nature of the initial bone mineral deposited, or the changes that occur with maturation, nor can it acount for the compositional and X-ray diffraction changes that the mineral component undergoes during maturation and aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S118 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Strain ; Remodeling ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary For bone to remodel adaptively, the cells responsible should follow some algorithm. Nine different loading situations and structures are discussed. It seems that either algorithm must be extremely complex, or cells in different structures must follow different algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 75-88 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: object scattering ; edge scattering ; knife edge ; neutron radiography ; buildup factor ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Previously described scattering based edge distortions in optical density scans obtained from a neutron radiographic knife-edge image have been here confirmed using analog Monte Carlo simulation. In an attempt to estimate the effects of additional object scatter on such artifacts, the effect on the edge response of diffusely incident neutrons has been determined both empirically and by Monte Carlo simulation. The diffuse neutron incidence has been found to diminish the relative magnitude of the distortion, offering explanation for the infrequent observation of the corresponding edge scattering halo artifacts. The potential of this edge distortion as a diagnostic indicator of the buildup factor in radiography is suggested and examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Residual Stress ; ultrasonics ; metals ; EMATs ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An approach is proposed for obtaining separate measures of stress anisotropy and texture in metal sheet or plate. The approach is based on the propagation characteristics ofSH n modes of ultrasonic waves. Experimental work has established that differences betweenSH 0 modes with orthogonal directions of propagation provide a measure of stress anisotropy that is insensitive to texture, with the restriction that the pseudosymmetry of the polycrystalline matrix of the sheet or plate is orthorhombic or higher. In the present work, it is argued that the differences between elastic constants associated with orthogonal directions of propagation of higher order modes should provide a meaningful measure of texture. The only requirement is that the texture be sufficiently well developed so that the following inequality is obeyed: ∣C′44−C′55∣〉0.002 $$\bar C$$ with $$\bar C$$ =1/2 (C′44+C′55). HereC′44 andC′55 are the effective shear moduli for planes normal to the sheet or plate surface and at right angles to each other. They are measurable by observing the differences between the phase velocities of theSH 0 and theSH n〉0 modes in the principal directions. By using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs), the phase velocities can be deduced from the frequencies at which an SH mode of fixed wavelength is optimally excited. This approach has the advantage of being independent of specimen geometry and dimensions other than thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 203-212 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Acoustic diffraction ; acoustic transmission ; asperity contact ; crack closure ; fatigue cracks ; mode conversion ; NDE ; stress intensity factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The partial contact of two rough fatigue crack surfaces leads to transmission, reflection, diffraction, and mode conversion of an acoustic signal at those contacts. This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical efforts to understand and quantify such contact on actual fatigue cracks in greater detail. It is shown that the size and density of individual contacts, or asperities, can be estimated from acoustic measurements. Furthermore, it is shown that this information is useful to provide the static stress across a partially closed crack as well as the “effective” stress intensity range which activates fatigue crack propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Eddy current ; computer analysis ; numerical methods ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical calculations of eddy-current phenomena often involve the numerical evaluation of various integral expressions. A discussion of some of the possible evaluation methods and of the factors to be considered in choosing a method is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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