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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Antibodies play a central role in immunity by forming an interface with the innate immune system and, typically, mediate proinflammatory activity. We describe a novel posttranslational modification that leads to anti-inflammatory activity of antibodies of immunoglobulin G, isotype 4 (IgG4). IgG4 antibodies are dynamic molecules that exchange Fab arms by swapping a heavy chain and attached light chain (half-molecule) with a heavy-light chain pair from another molecule, which results in bispecific antibodies. Mutagenesis studies revealed that the third constant domain is critical for this activity. The impact of IgG4 Fab arm exchange was confirmed in vivo in a rhesus monkey model with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. IgG4 Fab arm exchange is suggested to be an important biological mechanism that provides the basis for the anti-inflammatory activity attributed to IgG4 antibodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Neut Kolfschoten, Marijn -- Schuurman, Janine -- Losen, Mario -- Bleeker, Wim K -- Martinez-Martinez, Pilar -- Vermeulen, Ellen -- den Bleker, Tamara H -- Wiegman, Luus -- Vink, Tom -- Aarden, Lucien A -- De Baets, Marc H -- van de Winkel, Jan G J -- Aalberse, Rob C -- Parren, Paul W H I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sanquin Research-AMC Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allergens/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, CD20/immunology ; Antigens, Plant ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Glycoproteins/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/prevention & control ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/immunology ; Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: The imprints of domestication and breed development on the genomes of livestock likely differ from those of companion animals. A deep draft sequence assembly of shotgun reads from a single Hereford female and comparative sequences sampled from six additional breeds were used to develop probes to interrogate 37,470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 497 cattle from 19 geographically and biologically diverse breeds. These data show that cattle have undergone a rapid recent decrease in effective population size from a very large ancestral population, possibly due to bottlenecks associated with domestication, selection, and breed formation. Domestication and artificial selection appear to have left detectable signatures of selection within the cattle genome, yet the current levels of diversity within breeds are at least as great as exists within humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735092/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735092/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bovine HapMap Consortium -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Taylor, Jeremy F -- Van Tassell, Curtis P -- Barendse, William -- Eversole, Kellye A -- Gill, Clare A -- Green, Ronnie D -- Hamernik, Debora L -- Kappes, Steven M -- Lien, Sigbjorn -- Matukumalli, Lakshmi K -- McEwan, John C -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Schnabel, Robert D -- Weinstock, George M -- Wheeler, David A -- Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo -- Boettcher, Paul J -- Caetano, Alexandre R -- Garcia, Jose Fernando -- Hanotte, Olivier -- Mariani, Paola -- Skow, Loren C -- Sonstegard, Tad S -- Williams, John L -- Diallo, Boubacar -- Hailemariam, Lemecha -- Martinez, Mario L -- Morris, Chris A -- Silva, Luiz O C -- Spelman, Richard J -- Mulatu, Woudyalew -- Zhao, Keyan -- Abbey, Colette A -- Agaba, Morris -- Araujo, Flabio R -- Bunch, Rowan J -- Burton, James -- Gorni, Chiara -- Olivier, Hanotte -- Harrison, Blair E -- Luff, Bill -- Machado, Marco A -- Mwakaya, Joel -- Plastow, Graham -- Sim, Warren -- Smith, Timothy -- Thomas, Merle B -- Valentini, Alessio -- Williams, Paul -- Womack, James -- Woolliams, John A -- Liu, Yue -- Qin, Xiang -- Worley, Kim C -- Gao, Chuan -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Moore, Stephen S -- Ren, Yanru -- Song, Xing-Zhi -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Hernandez, Ryan D -- Muzny, Donna M -- Patil, Shobha -- San Lucas, Anthony -- Fu, Qing -- Kent, Matthew P -- Vega, Richard -- Matukumalli, Aruna -- McWilliam, Sean -- Sclep, Gert -- Bryc, Katarzyna -- Choi, Jungwoo -- Gao, Hong -- Grefenstette, John J -- Murdoch, Brenda -- Stella, Alessandra -- Villa-Angulo, Rafael -- Wright, Mark -- Aerts, Jan -- Jann, Oliver -- Negrini, Riccardo -- Goddard, Mike E -- Hayes, Ben J -- Bradley, Daniel G -- Barbosa da Silva, Marcos -- Lau, Lilian P L -- Liu, George E -- Lynn, David J -- Panzitta, Francesca -- Dodds, Ken G -- R01 GM083606/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083606-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):528-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1167936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breeding ; Cattle/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martinez Arias, Alfonso -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1284-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK. ama11@hermes.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Frizzled Receptors ; Models, Neurological ; Mutation ; Neuromuscular Junction/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Wnt1 Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: The construction of multicellular organisms depends on stem cells-cells that can both regenerate and produce daughter cells that undergo differentiation. Here, we show that the gaseous messenger ethylene modulates cell division in the cells of the quiescent center, which act as a source of stem cells in the seedling root. The cells formed through these ethylene-induced divisions express quiescent center-specific genes and can repress differentiation of surrounding initial cells, showing that quiescence is not required for these cells to signal to adjacent stem cells. We propose that ethylene is part of a signaling pathway that modulates cell division in the quiescent center in the stem cell niche during the postembryonic development of the root system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ortega-Martinez, Olga -- Pernas, Monica -- Carol, Rachel J -- Dolan, Liam -- BBS/E/J/00000168/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):507-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids, Cyclic/metabolism/pharmacology ; Arabidopsis/*cytology/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Ethylenes/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism ; Mutation ; Naphthaleneacetic Acids/pharmacology ; Plant Roots/*cytology/growth & development/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: The large majority of antibiotics currently used for treating infections and the antibiotic resistance genes acquired by human pathogens each have an environmental origin. Recent work indicates that the function of these elements in their environmental reservoirs may be very distinct from the "weapon-shield" role they play in clinical settings. Changes in natural ecosystems, including the release of large amounts of antimicrobials, might alter the population dynamics of microorganisms, including selection of resistance, with consequences for human health that are difficult to predict.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martinez, Jose L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):365-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1159483.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, and CIBERESP, Spain. jlmtnez@cnb.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/*metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Bacteria/*drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/*genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/*genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Mutation ; Soil Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: A fundamental function of CD4+ helper T (T(H)) cells is the regulation of B cell-mediated humoral immunity. Development of T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells that provide help to B cells is mediated by the cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-21 but is independent of TH1, TH2, and TH17 effector cell lineages. Here, we characterize the function of Bcl6, a transcription factor selectively expressed in T(FH) cells. Bcl6 expression is regulated by interleukin-6 and interleukin-21. Bcl6 overexpression induced T(FH)-related gene expression and inhibited other T(H) lineage cell differentiation in a DNA binding-dependent manner. Moreover, Bcl6 deficiency in T cells resulted in impaired T(FH) cell development and germinal center reactions, and altered production of other effector T cell subsets. Our data thus illustrate that Bcl6 is required for programming of T(FH) cell generation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857334/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857334/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nurieva, Roza I -- Chung, Yeonseok -- Martinez, Gustavo J -- Yang, Xuexian O -- Tanaka, Shinya -- Matskevitch, Tatyana D -- Wang, Yi-Hong -- Dong, Chen -- R01 AI050746/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050746-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050761/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050761-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050761-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050761-07A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI083761/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050772/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050772-07/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050772-08/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):1001-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1176676. Epub 2009 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rnurieva@mdanderson.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Germinal Center/cytology/*immunology ; Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-6/immunology/metabolism ; Interleukins/immunology/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/*immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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