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  • Herbivores  (3)
  • Molecular markers  (3)
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • Springer  (6)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and soil-nutrient effects on the abundance of herbivores on willow (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 105 (1996), S. 388-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Salix ; Herbivores ; Soil nutrients ; Genotype-by-environment interactions ; Host plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of soil-nutrient environment, plant genotype, and the interaction between the two on the resistance of the willow, Salix sericea, to insect species in a diverse herbivore community was measured. We found that soil-nutrient environment influenced plant growth and the abundance of most herbivores of S. sericea. However, environmental effects on herbivore abundance were often modified by plant genetics; the abundance of four of seven herbivores exhibited significant genotypeby-environment interaction effects. Pure genotype effects were mostly small and non-significant. The effects of fertilization differed among herbivores. Several herbivores were more abundant on fertilized plants, one was less abundant, and the abundance of others did not change. We found that feeding guild was a poor predictor of herbivore response. Finally we found significant phenotypic and genetic correlations among growth rate, internode length, and the abundances of several herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328742
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific and temporal variation in herbivore responses to hybrid willows (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 108 (1996), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Hybrid ; Herbivores ; RAPD ; Salix ; Year-to-year variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied herbivory of two species of willows (Salix sericea and S. eriocephala) and their interspecific hybrids to test alternative hypotheses concerning the effects of hybridization on plant resistance. Individually marked plants were identified using morphological traits in the field and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) band analysis was used to verify the genetic status of many parental and hybrid plants. The desities of 12 herbivore species on plants in the field were compared between two parents and their F2-type hybrids. We found about equal support for the additive, dominance, and hybrid susceptibility hypotheses over 4 years. In one year, one species supported the hybrid resistance hypothesis. Guild membership was not a good predictor of similar responses of species to hybrid versus parental plants. There were marked differences in support for particular hypotheses among years for four herbivore species. This study demonstrates the diversity of responses of phytophages in response to interspecific hybridization, and indicates that year-to-year variation in relative resistance of hybrid plants can be important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333223
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific hybridization of plants and resistance to herbivores: hypotheses, genetics, and variable responses in a diverse herbivore community (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 97 (1994), S. 106-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Hybridization ; Herbivores ; RAPD ; Host plant resistance ; Willow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied the morphology, molecular genetics, and hebivory of two species of willows (Salix sericea and S. eriocephala) and their interspecific hybrids to test four alternative hypotheses concerning the effects of hybridization on plant resistance. Individually marked plants were identified using morphological traits in the field and measurements of stipule and leaf pubescence were made and compared using Canonical Discriminant Function Analysis. DNA was extracted from the leaves of a sample of the marked plants and RAPD-PCR analysis was performed to establish the genetic status of parental and hybrid plants. RAPD band analysis generally verified the genetic status of parental plants. Hybrid plants were usually correctly identified in the field with a few exceptions. However, the hybrid plants were a heterogeneous group of plants made up of most plants that appear to be F1s and a few plants that appear to be backcrosses to S. sericea. Morphological variables were useful for distinguishing S. sericea from S. eriocephala and hybrids, but were not as dependable in distinguishing between S. eriocephala and hybrids. We compared the densities of 11 herbivore species and the infection by a leaf rust pathogen (Melampsora sp.) on the leaves and stems of two parents and the hybrids in the field. We found support for the Additive hypothesis (3 species), the Dominance hypothesis (2 species) and the Hybrid Susceptibility hypothesis (7 species, 6 herbivores and the Melampsora rust). We found no evidence for the Hybrid Resistance hypothesis. Guild membership was not a good predictor of similar responses of species to hybrid versus parental plants. A Canonical Discriminant Function Analysis showed discrete separation of the taxa based on herbivore densities, illustrating different community structures on hybrid and parental plants. This study demonstrates the diversity of responses of phytophages in response to interspecific hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317914
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theobroma cacao L.: a genetic linkage map and quantitative trait loci analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Heterozygosity ; Molecular markers ; Genetic map ; Quantitative trait loci ; Theobroma cacao
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A genetic linkage map of Theobroma cacao (cocoa) has been constructed from 131 backcross trees derived from a cross between a single tree of the variety Catongo and an F1 tree from the cross of Catongo by Pound 12. The map comprises 138 markers: 104 RAPD loci, 32 RFLP loci and two morphologic loci. Ten linkage groups were found which cover 1068 centimorgans (cM). Only six (4%) molecular-marker loci show a significant deviation from the expected 1∶1 segregation ratio.The average distance between two adjacent markers is 8.3 cM. The final genome-size estimates based on two-point linkage data ranged from 1078 to 1112 cM for the cocoa genome. This backcross progeny segregates for two apparently single gene loci controlling (1) anthocyanidin synthesis (Anth) in seeds, leaves and flowers and (2) self-compatibility (Autoc). The Anth locus was found to be 25 cM from Autoc and two molecular markers co-segregate with Anth. The genetic linkage map was used to localize QTLs for early flowering, trunk diameter, jorquette height and ovule number in the BC1 generation using both single-point ANOVA and interval mapping. A minimum number of 2–4 QTLs (P〈0.01) involved in the genetic expression of the traits studied was detected. Coincident map locations of a QTL for jorquette height and trunk diameter suggests the possibility of pleiotropic effects in cocoa for these traits. The combined estimated effects of the different mapped QTLs explained between 11.2% and 25.8% of the phenotypic variance observed in the BC1 population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225747
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theobroma cacao L.: a genetic linkage map and quantitative trait loci analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Heterozygosity ; Molecular markers ; Genetic map ; Quantitative trait loci ; Theobroma cacao
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A genetic linkage map of Theobroma cacao (cocoa) has been constructed from 131 backcross trees derived from a cross between a single tree of the variety Catongo and an F1 tree from the cross of Catongo by Pound 12. The map comprises 138 markers: 104 RAPD loci, 32 RFLP loci and two morphologic loci. Ten linkage groups were found which cover 1068 centimorgans (cM). Only six (4%) molecular-marker loci show a significant deviation from the expected 1:1 segregation ratio.The average distance between two adjacent markers is 8.3 cM. The final genome-size estimates based on two-point linkage data ranged from 1078 to 1112 cM for the cocoa genome. This backcross progeny segregates for two apparently single gene loci controlling (1) anthocyanidin synthesis (Anth) in seeds, leaves and flowers and (2) self-compatibility (Autoc). The Anth locus was found to be 25 cM from Autoc and two molecular markers co-segregate with Anth. The genetic linkage map was used to localize QTLs for early flowering, trunk diameter, jorquette height and ovule number in the BC1 generation using both single-point ANOVA and interval mapping. A minimum number of 2–4 QTLs (P〈0.01) involved in the genetic expression of the traits studied was detected. Coincident map locations of a QTL for jorquette height and trunk diameter suggests the possibility of pleiotropic effects in cocoa for these traits. The combined estimated effects of the different mapped QTLs explained between 11.2% and 25.8% of the phenotypic variance observed in the BC1 population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050267
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-density genetic linkage map of Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome progenitor of bread wheat (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 16-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Aegilops tauschii ; Triticum aestivum ; Genetic mapping ; Molecular markers ; Agronomically important genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Aegilops tauschii is the diploid D-genome progenitor of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell, 2n=6x=42, AABBDD). A genetic linkage map of the Ae. tauschii genome was constructed, composed of 546 loci. One hundred and thirty two loci (24%) gave distorted segregation ratios. Sixty nine probes (13%) detected multiple copies in the genome. One hundred and twenty three of the 157 markers shared between the Ae. tauschii genetic and T. aestivum physical maps were colinear. The discrepancy in the order of five markers on the Ae. tauschii 3DS genetic map versus the T. aestivum 3D physical map indicated a possible inversion. Further work is needed to verify the discrepancies in the order of markers on the 4D, 5D and 7D Ae. tauschii genetic maps versus the physical and genetic maps of T. aestivum. Using common markers, 164 agronomically important genes were assigned to specific regions on Ae. tauschii linkage, and T. aestivum physical, maps. This information may be useful for map-based cloning and marker-assisted plant breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051204
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