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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic doses of rac-, (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-propranolol in rats and rabbits (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 8 (1996), S. 411-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: rac-propranolol ; enantiomers ; drug intoxication ; cardiovascular function ; respiratory function ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The contribution of the individual enantiomers ([+]-[R]- and [-]-[S]-propranolol) to rac-propranolol intoxication was studied in anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing (SB) rats and artificially ventilated (AV) rats and rabbits. In the SB rat, propranolol (30 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.) decreased heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure and caused hypoventilation, serious hypoxaemia, respiratory acidosis, and death by respiratory arrest. Survival time (ST) in the (+)-(R)-propranolol group (ST 91 ± 5 min) was significantly longer than in the rac-propranolol group (ST 68 ± 6 min). In AV rats and rabbits toxic doses of rac-, (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-propranolol, 30 mg.kg-1.h-1 and 15 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v., respectively, induced comparable effects on haemodynamic variables as in the SB rat. Artificial ventilation lengthened ST by a factor of three to four in rats. In the AV rat, ST's were not significantly different between the rac-, (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-propranolol groups. In the rabbit, as in the SB rat, ST in the (+)-(R)-propranolol group was significantly longer than ST's in the rac- and (-)-(S)-propranolol groups. The acute respiratory acidosis in SB rats and the prolonged ST in AV rats suggest that respiratory failure is the primary and cardiovascular failure the secondary cause of death in propranolol intoxication. The potentiation of the toxic effect of the enantiomers observed after dosing the racemate instead of the pure enantiomers could not be explained by a stereoselective difference in plasma propanolol concentration. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amines as leaving groups in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. III.For Part II, see Ref. 2. Hydrolysis of 1-amino-2,4-dinitrobenzenes (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 8 (1995), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetic study of the reaction of 1-pyrrolidino-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1-piperidino-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1-morpholino-2,4-dinitrobenzene with NaOH in the presence and absence of the amine leaving group was carried out in aqueous solutions at 25°C, giving 2,4-dinitrophenol as the only product. A mechanism involving the formation of σ complexes by addition of HO- or the amine to the unsubstituted positions of the aromatic ring is proposed. These complexes were found to react faster than the original substrates.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610080211
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maravuic acid, a new seco-labdane diterpene from Croton matourensis (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 709-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Diterpenes ; Croton matourensis ; seco-Labdanes ; Supercritical fluid extraction ; Structure elucidation ; 1D and 2D carbon-13 and proton NMR ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new seco-labdane diterpene, maravuic acid, has been isolated by supercritical fluid extraction using CO2 from the bark of Croton matourensis Aubl. (Euphorbiaceae). Its structure was elucidated by one and two dimensional NMR methods as (12E)-3,4-seco-labda-4(18),8(20),12,14-tetraen-3-oic acid 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1995199504103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of 2′-Deoxy-5-(isothiazol-5-yl)uridine and Its Interaction with the HSV-1 Thymidine Kinase (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 79 (1996), S. 1462-1474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2′-Deoxy-5-(isothiazol-5-yl)uridine (12) was synthesized starting from 2′-deoxy-5-iodouridine using a Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reaction with propiolaldehyde diethyl acetal followed by deprotection and ring closure using thiosulfate. 2′-Deoxyuridine 12 has a particular place among the 5-heteroaryl-substituted 2′-deoxyuridines in that it has a high affinity for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-encoded thymidine kinase (TK) without antiviral activity. Biochemical studies revealed that 12 is a substrate for viral TK. We further investigated the interaction of 12 with the HSV-1 thymidine kinase. The conformation of 12 in solution was established by NMR spectroscopy. The most stable conformer 12A has the S-atom of the isothiazole ring placed in the neighbourhood of the C(4)=O group of the pyrimidine moiety. The compound was docked in its most stable conformation in the active site of HSV-1 TK and subjected to energy minimization. This demonstrated that the isothiazole moiety binds in a cavity lined by the side chains of Tyr-132, Arg-163, Ala-167, and Ala-168 and that the C(3) atom of the isothiazole moiety is located in close proximity of the phenolic O-atom of Tyr-132 and the aliphatic part of the Arg-163 side chain.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19960790519
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  • 5
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    Friedreich's ataxia: autosomal recessive disease caused by an intronic GAA triplet repeat expansion (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-08
    Description: Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, degenerative disease that involves the central and peripheral nervous systems and the heart. A gene, X25, was identified in the critical region for the FRDA locus on chromosome 9q13. This gene encodes a 210-amino acid protein, frataxin, that has homologs in distant species such as Caenorhabditis elegans and yeast. A few FRDA patients were found to have point mutations in X25, but the majority were homozygous for an unstable GAA trinucleotide expansion in the first X25 intron.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campuzano, V -- Montermini, L -- Molto, M D -- Pianese, L -- Cossee, M -- Cavalcanti, F -- Monros, E -- Rodius, F -- Duclos, F -- Monticelli, A -- Zara, F -- Canizares, J -- Koutnikova, H -- Bidichandani, S I -- Gellera, C -- Brice, A -- Trouillas, P -- De Michele, G -- Filla, A -- De Frutos, R -- Palau, F -- Patel, P I -- Di Donato, S -- Mandel, J L -- Cocozza, S -- Koenig, M -- Pandolfo, M -- 722/Telethon/Italy -- NS34192/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 8;271(5254):1423-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department de Genetica, University of Valencia, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Friedreich Ataxia/*genetics ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; *Introns ; *Iron-Binding Proteins ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, chromatographic resolution and chiroptical properties of carboxyibuprofen stereoisomers: Major metabolites of ibuprofen in man (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 9 (1997), S. 75-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: stereoselective synthesis ; carboxyibuprofen diastereoisomers ; circular dichroism ; chiral LC separation ; ibuprofen ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chromatographic resolution of the four stereoisomers of carboxyibuprofen, a major metabolite of ibuprofen in man, was achieved using a Chiralpak AD chiral stationary phase (CSP) (J.T. Baker, Milton, Keynes, UK). The elution order of the stereoisomers was determined to be 2′S,2R; 2′R,2R; 2′R,2S; 2′S,2S by a combination of stereoselective synthesis of diastereoisomeric mixtures and analysis of the two diastereoisomers isolated from human urine following the administration of (S)-ibuprofen. The individual stereoisomers were isolated by semipreparative chiral phase chromatography and characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Chirality 9:75-87, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of enantioselective syntheses and chiral high resolution gas chromatographic analyses of (+)-2-allyl-2-carboethoxy-cyclopentanol (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 9 (1997), S. 321-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; asymmetric β-keto-ester reduction ; enzymatic kinetic resolution ; chiral 2-allyl-2-carboethoxy-cyclopentanol ; chiral high resolution gas chromatography ; chiral stationary phase ; β-cyclodextrin derivative ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The improvement of the biocatalytic reduction of 2-allyl-carboethoxy-cyclopentanone (2) to the corresponding cyclopentanol derivative (+)-(1R,2R)-(1) was accomplished employing baker's yeast in organic media. This chiral cyclopentanol derivative (1), analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography performed over β-cyclodextrin stationary phase, was obtained in 38% yield (〉99% e.e.). Chirality 9:321-324, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate carbamate coated onto microporous silica: Application to chiral analysis of commercial pharmaceutical drugs (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 8 (1996), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: Cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) ; resolution ; tetramisole ; propanolol ; microporous APS-silica ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enantioselectivity of a series of chiral analytes was examined on tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) coated onto microporous APS-silica. The effects of the nature of the carbohydrate, the weight ratio of carbamate/support and the type of alcohol present in the mobile phase were investigated. Among the chiral analytes examined, propanolol showed an extremely good resolution. The resolution of tetramisole was optimized and the method developed was shown to be suitable for analysis of the drug in commercial tablets and in a suspension. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicokinetics of a single intravenous dose of rac-propranolol versus optically pure propranolol in the rat (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 7 (1995), S. 626-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantiomers ; pharmacokinetics ; interaction ; protein binding ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conscious male Wistar SPF Riv:TOX rats were dosed intravenously with 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg rac-propranolol·HCl, or with 5 mg/kg of either (-)-(S)- or (+)-(R)-propranolol·HCl. Disposition of (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-propranolol after dosing of rac-propranolol was linear in the dose range examined. Total plasma clearance was not changed in animals dosed with the individual enantiomers compared to the animals that were dosed with rac-propranolol. However, for (-)-(S)-propranolol both volume of distribution and elimination half-life decreased, whereas for (+)-(R)-propranolol increases were observed for these characteristics, in animals dosed with the individual enantiomers. Our observations suggest that the (+)-(R)-enantiomer competes with (-)-(S)-propranolol for plasma protein binding sites, resulting in lower plasma protein binding of the (-)-(S)-enantiomer when the racemate is administered. From recent toxicological experiments, it was concluded that rac-propranolol is more toxic than the individual enantiomers in the rat, when dosed iv at the same total mass. It is concluded that the observed potentiation of toxic effects of propranolol enantiomers when administered as a racemate can at least partly be explained by a pharmacokinetic interaction. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530070813
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperbolic Model for the meta-para interrelationship in benzene derivatives (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 8 (1995), S. 5-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new approach to the long-standing problem of interrelating meta and para substituent constants is presented. An analysis of the unified σ0-scale shows that the interrelation between σ40 and σ40/σ30 can be modelled by a pair of conjugate rectangular hyperbolae, one for normal (n) and the other for special (s) substituents. The latter are characterized by a lone electron pair in the first atom. The equations σ4n0 (σ4n0 - γ0)/(σ4n0 - 2γ0) = λ0 σ3n0 and σ4s0 = γ0 + λ0 σ3s0 are derived and discussed in terms of Taft's separation of mesomeric and non-mesomeric effects. Asymptotic values λ = 0.960 γ = -0.225 were obtained by non-linear least rectangles fitting. A nonnegligible mesomeric contribution to σ0 constants for normal substituents is predicted by the hyperbolic model. The present results are at variance with Exner's analysis of the meta-para interrelationship in benzene compounds with normal substituents. This divergence is ascribed to opposite views concerning the role of the π-inductive effect.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610080104
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