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  • 1
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    Crystal structure of the polymerase PA(C)-PB1(N) complex from an avian influenza H5N1 virus (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-11
    Description: The recent emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus strains with subtype H5N1 pose a global threat to human health. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of viral replication is critical for development of anti-influenza virus drugs. The influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) heterotrimer has crucial roles in viral RNA replication and transcription. It contains three proteins: PA, PB1 and PB2. PB1 harbours polymerase and endonuclease activities and PB2 is responsible for cap binding; PA is implicated in RNA replication and proteolytic activity, although its function is less clearly defined. Here we report the 2.9 angstrom structure of avian H5N1 influenza A virus PA (PA(C), residues 257-716) in complex with the PA-binding region of PB1 (PB1(N), residues 1-25). PA(C) has a fold resembling a dragon's head with PB1(N) clamped into its open 'jaws'. PB1(N) is a known inhibitor that blocks assembly of the polymerase heterotrimer and abolishes viral replication. Our structure provides details for the binding of PB1(N) to PA(C) at the atomic level, demonstrating a potential target for novel anti-influenza therapeutics. We also discuss a potential nucleotide binding site and the roles of some known residues involved in polymerase activity. Furthermore, to explore the role of PA in viral replication and transcription, we propose a model for the influenza RdRp heterotrimer by comparing PA(C) with the lambda3 reovirus polymerase structure, and docking the PA(C) structure into an available low resolution electron microscopy map.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Xiaojing -- Zhou, Jie -- Bartlam, Mark -- Zhang, Rongguang -- Ma, Jianyuan -- Lou, Zhiyong -- Li, Xuemei -- Li, Jingjing -- Joachimiak, Andrzej -- Zeng, Zonghao -- Ge, Ruowen -- Rao, Zihe -- Liu, Yingfang -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1123-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07120. Epub 2008 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18615018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds/*virology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Nucleotides/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; RNA Replicase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Crystal structure of an avian influenza polymerase PA(N) reveals an endonuclease active site (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-06
    Description: The heterotrimeric influenza virus polymerase, containing the PA, PB1 and PB2 proteins, catalyses viral RNA replication and transcription in the nucleus of infected cells. PB1 holds the polymerase active site and reportedly harbours endonuclease activity, whereas PB2 is responsible for cap binding. The PA amino terminus is understood to be the major functional part of the PA protein and has been implicated in several roles, including endonuclease and protease activities as well as viral RNA/complementary RNA promoter binding. Here we report the 2.2 angstrom (A) crystal structure of the N-terminal 197 residues of PA, termed PA(N), from an avian influenza H5N1 virus. The PA(N) structure has an alpha/beta architecture and reveals a bound magnesium ion coordinated by a motif similar to the (P)DX(N)(D/E)XK motif characteristic of many endonucleases. Structural comparisons and mutagenesis analysis of the motif identified in PA(N) provide further evidence that PA(N) holds an endonuclease active site. Furthermore, functional analysis with in vivo ribonucleoprotein reconstitution and direct in vitro endonuclease assays strongly suggest that PA(N) holds the endonuclease active site and has critical roles in endonuclease activity of the influenza virus polymerase, rather than PB1. The high conservation of this endonuclease active site among influenza strains indicates that PA(N) is an important target for the design of new anti-influenza therapeutics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Puwei -- Bartlam, Mark -- Lou, Zhiyong -- Chen, Shoudeng -- Zhou, Jie -- He, Xiaojing -- Lv, Zongyang -- Ge, Ruowen -- Li, Xuemei -- Deng, Tao -- Fodor, Ervin -- Rao, Zihe -- Liu, Yingfang -- G0700848/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):909-13. doi: 10.1038/nature07720. Epub 2009 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/virology ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Endonucleases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*enzymology ; Influenza in Birds/*virology ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Replicase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Structure and mechanism of an amino acid antiporter (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: Virulent enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli strain O157:H7 rely on acid-resistance (AR) systems to survive the acidic environment in the stomach. A major component of AR is an arginine-dependent arginine:agmatine antiporter that expels intracellular protons. Here, we report the crystal structure of AdiC, the arginine:agmatine antiporter from E. coli O157:H7 and a member of the amino acid/polyamine/organocation (APC) superfamily of transporters at 3.6 A resolution. The overall fold is similar to that of several Na+-coupled symporters. AdiC contains 12 transmembrane segments, forms a homodimer, and exists in an outward-facing, open conformation in the crystals. A conserved, acidic pocket opens to the periplasm. Structural and biochemical analysis reveals the essential ligand-binding residues, defines the transport route, and suggests a conserved mechanism for the antiporter activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Xiang -- Lu, Feiran -- Zhou, Lijun -- Dang, Shangyu -- Sun, Linfeng -- Li, Xiaochun -- Wang, Jiawei -- Shi, Yigong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1565-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1173654. Epub 2009 May 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agmatine/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Transport Systems/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Antiporters/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Arginine/metabolism ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli O157/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Reconfiguration of the proteasome during chaperone-mediated assembly (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-07
    Description: The proteasomal ATPase ring, comprising Rpt1-Rpt6, associates with the heptameric alpha-ring of the proteasome core particle (CP) in the mature proteasome, with the Rpt carboxy-terminal tails inserting into pockets of the alpha-ring. Rpt ring assembly is mediated by four chaperones, each binding a distinct Rpt subunit. Here we report that the base subassembly of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasome, which includes the Rpt ring, forms a high-affinity complex with the CP. This complex is subject to active dissociation by the chaperones Hsm3, Nas6 and Rpn14. Chaperone-mediated dissociation was abrogated by a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, indicating that chaperone action is coupled to nucleotide hydrolysis by the Rpt ring. Unexpectedly, synthetic Rpt tail peptides bound alpha-pockets with poor specificity, except for Rpt6, which uniquely bound the alpha2/alpha3-pocket. Although the Rpt6 tail is not visualized within an alpha-pocket in mature proteasomes, it inserts into the alpha2/alpha3-pocket in the base-CP complex and is important for complex formation. Thus, the Rpt-CP interface is reconfigured when the lid complex joins the nascent proteasome to form the mature holoenzyme.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3687086/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3687086/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Soyeon -- Li, Xueming -- Kim, Ho Min -- Singh, Chingakham Ranjit -- Tian, Geng -- Hoyt, Martin A -- Lovell, Scott -- Battaile, Kevin P -- Zolkiewski, Michal -- Coffino, Philip -- Roelofs, Jeroen -- Cheng, Yifan -- Finley, Daniel -- 1S10RR026814-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 5P20RR017708/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 8 P20 GM103420/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P20 GM103418/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016475/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR017708/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082893/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM045335/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM082893/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37GM043601/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR026814/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 23;497(7450):512-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12123. Epub 2013 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23644457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Chaperones/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Structure of a presenilin family intramembrane aspartate protease (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-21
    Description: Presenilin and signal peptide peptidase (SPP) are intramembrane aspartyl proteases that regulate important biological functions in eukaryotes. Mechanistic understanding of presenilin and SPP has been hampered by lack of relevant structural information. Here we report the crystal structure of a presenilin/SPP homologue (PSH) from the archaeon Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1. The protease, comprising nine transmembrane segments (TMs), adopts a previously unreported protein fold. The amino-terminal domain, consisting of TM1-6, forms a horseshoe-shaped structure, surrounding TM7-9 of the carboxy-terminal domain. The two catalytic aspartate residues are located on the cytoplasmic side of TM6 and TM7, spatially close to each other and approximately 8 A into the lipid membrane surface. Water molecules gain constant access to the catalytic aspartates through a large cavity between the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains. Structural analysis reveals insights into the presenilin/SPP family of intramembrane proteases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Xiaochun -- Dang, Shangyu -- Yan, Chuangye -- Gong, Xinqi -- Wang, Jiawei -- Shi, Yigong -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jan 3;493(7430):56-61. doi: 10.1038/nature11801. Epub 2012 Dec 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23254940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/*chemistry ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Methanomicrobiaceae/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Presenilin-1/chemistry ; Presenilins/*chemistry ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Structural Homology, Protein
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Hepatitis A virus and the origins of picornaviruses (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-21
    Description: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) remains enigmatic, despite 1.4 million cases worldwide annually. It differs radically from other picornaviruses, existing in an enveloped form and being unusually stable, both genetically and physically, but has proved difficult to study. Here we report high-resolution X-ray structures for the mature virus and the empty particle. The structures of the two particles are indistinguishable, apart from some disorder on the inside of the empty particle. The full virus contains the small viral protein VP4, whereas the empty particle harbours only the uncleaved precursor, VP0. The smooth particle surface is devoid of depressions that might correspond to receptor-binding sites. Peptide scanning data extend the previously reported VP3 antigenic site, while structure-based predictions suggest further epitopes. HAV contains no pocket factor and can withstand remarkably high temperature and low pH, and empty particles are even more robust than full particles. The virus probably uncoats via a novel mechanism, being assembled differently to other picornaviruses. It utilizes a VP2 'domain swap' characteristic of insect picorna-like viruses, and structure-based phylogenetic analysis places HAV between typical picornaviruses and the insect viruses. The enigmatic properties of HAV may reflect its position as a link between 'modern' picornaviruses and the more 'primitive' precursor insect viruses; for instance, HAV retains the ability to move from cell-to-cell by transcytosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4773894/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4773894/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xiangxi -- Ren, Jingshan -- Gao, Qiang -- Hu, Zhongyu -- Sun, Yao -- Li, Xuemei -- Rowlands, David J -- Yin, Weidong -- Wang, Junzhi -- Stuart, David I -- Rao, Zihe -- Fry, Elizabeth E -- 075491/Z/04/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G1000099/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 1;517(7532):85-8. doi: 10.1038/nature13806. Epub 2014 Oct 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China. ; Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. ; 1] National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China [2] Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, China. ; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, TiantanXili, Beijing 100050, China. ; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. ; Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, China. ; 1] Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK [2] Diamond Light Sources, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK. ; 1] National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China [2] Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [3] State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25327248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Capsid/chemistry ; Capsid Proteins/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Hepatitis A virus/*chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Insects/virology ; Models, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; Picornaviridae/*chemistry ; Transcytosis ; Virion/chemistry ; Virus Internalization
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  • 7
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    Structure of the rabbit ryanodine receptor RyR1 at near-atomic resolution (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: The ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are high-conductance intracellular Ca(2+) channels that play a pivotal role in the excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal and cardiac muscles. RyRs are the largest known ion channels, with a homotetrameric organization and approximately 5,000 residues in each protomer. Here we report the structure of the rabbit RyR1 in complex with its modulator FKBP12 at an overall resolution of 3.8 A, determined by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. Three previously uncharacterized domains, named central, handle and helical domains, display the armadillo repeat fold. These domains, together with the amino-terminal domain, constitute a network of superhelical scaffold for binding and propagation of conformational changes. The channel domain exhibits the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily fold with distinct features. A negative-charge-enriched hairpin loop connecting S5 and the pore helix is positioned above the entrance to the selectivity-filter vestibule. The four elongated S6 segments form a right-handed helical bundle that closes the pore at the cytoplasmic border of the membrane. Allosteric regulation of the pore by the cytoplasmic domains is mediated through extensive interactions between the central domains and the channel domain. These structural features explain high ion conductance by RyRs and the long-range allosteric regulation of channel activities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338550/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338550/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, Zhen -- Bai, Xiao-chen -- Yan, Chuangye -- Wu, Jianping -- Li, Zhangqiang -- Xie, Tian -- Peng, Wei -- Yin, Chang-cheng -- Li, Xueming -- Scheres, Sjors H W -- Shi, Yigong -- Yan, Nieng -- MC_UP_A025_1013/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 1;517(7532):50-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14063. Epub 2014 Dec 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [3] Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; 1] Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; 1] State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; Department of Biophysics, the Health Science Center &Center for Protein Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. ; Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Ion Channel Gating ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rabbits ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/*chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/chemistry ; Tacrolimus Binding Protein 1A/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Structure of an integral membrane sterol reductase from Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Description: Sterols are essential biological molecules in the majority of life forms. Sterol reductases including Delta(14)-sterol reductase (C14SR, also known as TM7SF2), 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) and 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) reduce specific carbon-carbon double bonds of the sterol moiety using a reducing cofactor during sterol biosynthesis. Lamin B receptor (LBR), an integral inner nuclear membrane protein, also contains a functional C14SR domain. Here we report the crystal structure of a Delta(14)-sterol reductase (MaSR1) from the methanotrophic bacterium Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z (a homologue of human C14SR, LBR and DHCR7) with the cofactor NADPH. The enzyme contains ten transmembrane segments (TM1-10). Its catalytic domain comprises the carboxy-terminal half (containing TM6-10) and envelops two interconnected pockets, one of which faces the cytoplasm and houses NADPH, while the other one is accessible from the lipid bilayer. Comparison with a soluble steroid 5beta-reductase structure suggests that the reducing end of NADPH meets the sterol substrate at the juncture of the two pockets. A sterol reductase activity assay proves that MaSR1 can reduce the double bond of a cholesterol biosynthetic intermediate, demonstrating functional conservation to human C14SR. Therefore, our structure as a prototype of integral membrane sterol reductases provides molecular insight into mutations in DHCR7 and LBR for inborn human diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285568/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285568/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Xiaochun -- Roberti, Rita -- Blobel, Gunter -- P41 GM111244/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 1;517(7532):104-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13797. Epub 2014 Oct 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25307054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/biosynthesis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Methylococcaceae/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; NADP/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry/genetics ; Sterols/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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