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  • Articles  (23)
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  • Articles  (23)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: PINK1 (PTEN induced putative kinase 1) and PARKIN (also known as PARK2) have been identified as the causal genes responsible for hereditary recessive early-onset Parkinsonism. PINK1 is a Ser/Thr kinase that specifically accumulates on depolarized mitochondria, whereas parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that catalyses ubiquitin transfer to mitochondrial substrates. PINK1 acts as an upstream factor for parkin and is essential both for the activation of latent E3 parkin activity and for recruiting parkin onto depolarized mitochondria. Recently, mechanistic insights into mitochondrial quality control mediated by PINK1 and parkin have been revealed, and PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of parkin has been reported. However, the requirement of PINK1 for parkin activation was not bypassed by phosphomimetic parkin mutation, and how PINK1 accelerates the E3 activity of parkin on damaged mitochondria is still obscure. Here we report that ubiquitin is the genuine substrate of PINK1. PINK1 phosphorylated ubiquitin at Ser 65 both in vitro and in cells, and a Ser 65 phosphopeptide derived from endogenous ubiquitin was only detected in cells in the presence of PINK1 and following a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Unexpectedly, phosphomimetic ubiquitin bypassed PINK1-dependent activation of a phosphomimetic parkin mutant in cells. Furthermore, phosphomimetic ubiquitin accelerates discharge of the thioester conjugate formed by UBCH7 (also known as UBE2L3) and ubiquitin (UBCH7 approximately ubiquitin) in the presence of parkin in vitro, indicating that it acts allosterically. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between ubiquitin and parkin suggests that phosphorylated ubiquitin unlocks autoinhibition of the catalytic cysteine. Our results show that PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of both parkin and ubiquitin is sufficient for full activation of parkin E3 activity. These findings demonstrate that phosphorylated ubiquitin is a parkin activator.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koyano, Fumika -- Okatsu, Kei -- Kosako, Hidetaka -- Tamura, Yasushi -- Go, Etsu -- Kimura, Mayumi -- Kimura, Yoko -- Tsuchiya, Hikaru -- Yoshihara, Hidehito -- Hirokawa, Takatsugu -- Endo, Toshiya -- Fon, Edward A -- Trempe, Jean-Francois -- Saeki, Yasushi -- Tanaka, Keiji -- Matsuda, Noriyuki -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jun 5;510(7503):162-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13392. Epub 2014 Jun 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan [2] Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan. ; Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan. ; Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan. ; Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan. ; 1] Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan [2] Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan. ; Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan. ; 1] JST-CREST/Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan [2] JST-CREST/Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan. ; McGill Parkinson Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada. ; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada. ; 1] Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan [2] Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24784582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Enzyme Activation ; Fibroblasts ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; Parkinson Disease ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Description: Allergic asthma is caused by the aberrant expansion in the lung of T helper cells that produce type 2 (TH2) cytokines and is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and bronchial hyperreactivity. This disease is often triggered by mast cells activated by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic challenge. Activated mast cells release various chemical mediators, including prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), whose role in allergic asthma has now been investigated by the generation of mice deficient in the PGD receptor (DP). Sensitization and aerosol challenge of the homozygous mutant (DP-/-) mice with ovalbumin (OVA) induced increases in the serum concentration of IgE similar to those in wild-type mice subjected to this model of asthma. However, the concentrations of TH2 cytokines and the extent of lymphocyte accumulation in the lung of OVA-challenged DP-/- mice were greatly reduced compared with those in wild-type animals. Moreover, DP-/- mice showed only marginal infiltration of eosinophils and failed to develop airway hyperreactivity. Thus, PGD2 functions as a mast cell-derived mediator to trigger asthmatic responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsuoka, T -- Hirata, M -- Tanaka, H -- Takahashi, Y -- Murata, T -- Kabashima, K -- Sugimoto, Y -- Kobayashi, T -- Ushikubi, F -- Aze, Y -- Eguchi, N -- Urade, Y -- Yoshida, N -- Kimura, K -- Mizoguchi, A -- Honda, Y -- Nagai, H -- Narumiya, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):2013-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allergens/immunology ; Animals ; Asthma/immunology/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology/immunology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukins/metabolism ; Lung/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Mast Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucus/secretion ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Prostaglandin D2/metabolism/*physiology ; *Receptors, Immunologic ; Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Respiratory Mucosa/secretion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1999-04-16
    Description: The cytokines LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) and BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) signal through different receptors and transcription factors, namely STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) and Smads. LIF and BMP2 were found to act in synergy on primary fetal neural progenitor cells to induce astrocytes. The transcriptional coactivator p300 interacts physically with STAT3 at its amino terminus in a cytokine stimulation-independent manner, and with Smad1 at its carboxyl terminus in a cytokine stimulation-dependent manner. The formation of a complex between STAT3 and Smad1, bridged by p300, is involved in the cooperative signaling of LIF and BMP2 and the subsequent induction of astrocytes from neural progenitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakashima, K -- Yanagisawa, M -- Arakawa, H -- Kimura, N -- Hisatsune, T -- Kawabata, M -- Miyazono, K -- Taga, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):479-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cell Fate Modulation Research Unit, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; COS Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/*pharmacology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/genetics ; Growth Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Interleukin-6 ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit ; Lymphokines/metabolism/pharmacology ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism ; *Receptors, Growth Factor ; Receptors, OSM-LIF ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Sequence Deletion ; *Signal Transduction ; Smad Proteins ; Smad1 Protein ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Telencephalon/embryology/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; *Transforming Growth Factor beta
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1997-02-28
    Description: The small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rho is implicated in the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions in fibroblasts stimulated by extracellular signals such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Rho-kinase is activated by Rho and may mediate some biological effects of Rho. Microinjection of the catalytic domain of Rho-kinase into serum-starved Swiss 3T3 cells induced the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions, whereas microinjection of the inactive catalytic domain, the Rho-binding domain, or the pleckstrin-homology domain inhibited the LPA-induced formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions. Thus, Rho-kinase appears to mediate signals from Rho and to induce the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amano, M -- Chihara, K -- Kimura, K -- Fukata, Y -- Nakamura, N -- Matsuura, Y -- Kaibuchi, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 28;275(5304):1308-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Signal Transduction, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-01, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9036856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Actins/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lysophospholipids/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Staurosporine/pharmacology ; rho-Associated Kinases
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-02-19
    Description: Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), retrovirus-like elements with long terminal repeats, are widely dispersed in the euchromatic compartment in mammalian cells, comprising approximately 10% of the mouse genome. These parasitic elements are responsible for 〉10% of spontaneous mutations. Whereas DNA methylation has an important role in proviral silencing in somatic and germ-lineage cells, an additional DNA-methylation-independent pathway also functions in embryonal carcinoma and embryonic stem (ES) cells to inhibit transcription of the exogenous gammaretrovirus murine leukaemia virus (MLV). Notably, a recent genome-wide study revealed that ERVs are also marked by histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and H4K20me3 in ES cells but not in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. However, the role that these marks have in proviral silencing remains unexplored. Here we show that the H3K9 methyltransferase ESET (also called SETDB1 or KMT1E) and the Kruppel-associated box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP1, also called TRIM28) are required for H3K9me3 and silencing of endogenous and introduced retroviruses specifically in mouse ES cells. Furthermore, whereas ESET enzymatic activity is crucial for HP1 binding and efficient proviral silencing, the H4K20 methyltransferases Suv420h1 and Suv420h2 are dispensable for silencing. Notably, in DNA methyltransferase triple knockout (Dnmt1(-/-)Dnmt3a(-/-)Dnmt3b(-/-)) mouse ES cells, ESET and KAP1 binding and ESET-mediated H3K9me3 are maintained and ERVs are minimally derepressed. We propose that a DNA-methylation-independent pathway involving KAP1 and ESET/ESET-mediated H3K9me3 is required for proviral silencing during the period early in embryogenesis when DNA methylation is dynamically reprogrammed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsui, Toshiyuki -- Leung, Danny -- Miyashita, Hiroki -- Maksakova, Irina A -- Miyachi, Hitoshi -- Kimura, Hiroshi -- Tachibana, Makoto -- Lorincz, Matthew C -- Shinkai, Yoichi -- 77805/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- 92090/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 8;464(7290):927-31. doi: 10.1038/nature08858. Epub 2010 Feb 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin, Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*enzymology/metabolism/*virology ; Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Silencing ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Methyltransferases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Proviruses/*genetics ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-11-13
    Description: The mucosal immune system forms the largest part of the entire immune system, containing about three-quarters of all lymphocytes and producing grams of secretory IgA daily to protect the mucosal surface from pathogens. To evoke the mucosal immune response, antigens on the mucosal surface must be transported across the epithelial barrier into organized lymphoid structures such as Peyer's patches. This function, called antigen transcytosis, is mediated by specialized epithelial M cells. The molecular mechanisms promoting this antigen uptake, however, are largely unknown. Here we report that glycoprotein 2 (GP2), specifically expressed on the apical plasma membrane of M cells among enterocytes, serves as a transcytotic receptor for mucosal antigens. Recombinant GP2 protein selectively bound a subset of commensal and pathogenic enterobacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), by recognizing FimH, a component of type I pili on the bacterial outer membrane. Consistently, these bacteria were colocalized with endogenous GP2 on the apical plasma membrane as well as in cytoplasmic vesicles in M cells. Moreover, deficiency of bacterial FimH or host GP2 led to defects in transcytosis of type-I-piliated bacteria through M cells, resulting in an attenuation of antigen-specific immune responses in Peyer's patches. GP2 is therefore a previously unrecognized transcytotic receptor on M cells for type-I-piliated bacteria and is a prerequisite for the mucosal immune response to these bacteria. Given that M cells are considered a promising target for oral vaccination against various infectious diseases, the GP2-dependent transcytotic pathway could provide a new target for the development of M-cell-targeted mucosal vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hase, Koji -- Kawano, Kazuya -- Nochi, Tomonori -- Pontes, Gemilson Soares -- Fukuda, Shinji -- Ebisawa, Masashi -- Kadokura, Kazunori -- Tobe, Toru -- Fujimura, Yumiko -- Kawano, Sayaka -- Yabashi, Atsuko -- Waguri, Satoshi -- Nakato, Gaku -- Kimura, Shunsuke -- Murakami, Takaya -- Iimura, Mitsutoshi -- Hamura, Kimiyo -- Fukuoka, Shin-Ichi -- Lowe, Anson W -- Itoh, Kikuji -- Kiyono, Hiroshi -- Ohno, Hiroshi -- DK43294/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK56339/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 12;462(7270):226-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08529.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Epithelial Immunobiology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19907495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Escherichia coli/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells/*immunology/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/immunology/metabolism ; Fimbriae Proteins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Glycoproteins ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal/*immunology ; Intestines/cytology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Peyer's Patches/*cytology/immunology ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-06-23
    Description: Although the adult mammalian heart is incapable of meaningful functional recovery following substantial cardiomyocyte loss, it is now clear that modest cardiomyocyte turnover occurs in adult mouse and human hearts, mediated primarily by proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. However, fate mapping of these cycling cardiomyocytes has not been possible thus far owing to the lack of identifiable genetic markers. In several organs, stem or progenitor cells reside in relatively hypoxic microenvironments where the stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif-1alpha) subunit is critical for their maintenance and function. Here we report fate mapping of hypoxic cells and their progenies by generating a transgenic mouse expressing a chimaeric protein in which the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of Hif-1alpha is fused to the tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 recombinase. In mice bearing the creERT2-ODD transgene driven by either the ubiquitous CAG promoter or the cardiomyocyte-specific alpha myosin heavy chain promoter, we identify a rare population of hypoxic cardiomyocytes that display characteristics of proliferative neonatal cardiomyocytes, such as smaller size, mononucleation and lower oxidative DNA damage. Notably, these hypoxic cardiomyocytes contributed widely to new cardiomyocyte formation in the adult heart. These results indicate that hypoxia signalling is an important hallmark of cycling cardiomyocytes, and suggest that hypoxia fate mapping can be a powerful tool for identifying cycling cells in adult mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimura, Wataru -- Xiao, Feng -- Canseco, Diana C -- Muralidhar, Shalini -- Thet, SuWannee -- Zhang, Helen M -- Abderrahman, Yezan -- Chen, Rui -- Garcia, Joseph A -- Shelton, John M -- Richardson, James A -- Ashour, Abdelrahman M -- Asaithamby, Aroumougame -- Liang, Hanquan -- Xing, Chao -- Lu, Zhigang -- Zhang, Cheng Cheng -- Sadek, Hesham A -- I01 BX000446/BX/BLRD VA/ -- R01 HL108104/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 9;523(7559):226-30. doi: 10.1038/nature14582. Epub 2015 Jun 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System, 4600 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, Texas 75216, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26098368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Female ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinases/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) induces skeletal muscle maturation and enlargement (hypertrophy). These responses require protein synthesis and myofibril formation (myofibrillogenesis). However, the signaling mechanisms of myofibrillogenesis remain obscure. We found that IGF-1-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling formed a complex of nebulin and N-WASP at the Z bands of myofibrils by interfering with glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in mice. Although N-WASP is known to be an activator of the Arp2/3 complex to form branched actin filaments, the nebulin-N-WASP complex caused actin nucleation for unbranched actin filament formation from the Z bands without the Arp2/3 complex. Furthermore, N-WASP was required for IGF-1-induced muscle hypertrophy. These findings present the mechanisms of IGF-1-induced actin filament formation in myofibrillogenesis required for muscle maturation and hypertrophy and a mechanism of actin nucleation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takano, Kazunori -- Watanabe-Takano, Haruko -- Suetsugu, Shiro -- Kurita, Souichi -- Tsujita, Kazuya -- Kimura, Sumiko -- Karatsu, Takashi -- Takenawa, Tadaomi -- Endo, Takeshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1536-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1197767.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Hypertrophy ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; *Muscle Development ; Muscle Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism/pathology ; Myofibrils/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Sarcomeres/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/chemistry/*metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: A switchlike response in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity implies the existence of a threshold in the NF-kappaB signaling module. We show that the CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1, also called CARD11)-TAK1 (MAP3K7)-inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase-beta (IKKbeta) module is a switch mechanism for NF-kappaB activation in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Experimental and mathematical modeling analyses showed that IKK activity is regulated by positive feedback from IKKbeta to TAK1, generating a steep dose response to BCR stimulation. Mutation of the scaffolding protein CARMA1 at serine-578, an IKKbeta target, abrogated not only late TAK1 activity, but also the switchlike activation of NF-kappaB in single cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of this residue accounts for the feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shinohara, Hisaaki -- Behar, Marcelo -- Inoue, Kentaro -- Hiroshima, Michio -- Yasuda, Tomoharu -- Nagashima, Takeshi -- Kimura, Shuhei -- Sanjo, Hideki -- Maeda, Shiori -- Yumoto, Noriko -- Ki, Sewon -- Akira, Shizuo -- Sako, Yasushi -- Hoffmann, Alexander -- Kurosaki, Tomohiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- 5R01CA141722/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan. Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101, Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. ; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Feedback, Physiological ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics/*metabolism ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/*agonists ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-05-07
    Description: Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a diffusible axonal chemorepellent that has an important role in axon guidance. Previous studies have demonstrated that Sema3a(-/-) mice have multiple developmental defects due to abnormal neuronal innervations. Here we show in mice that Sema3A is abundantly expressed in bone, and cell-based assays showed that Sema3A affected osteoblast differentiation in a cell-autonomous fashion. Accordingly, Sema3a(-/-) mice had a low bone mass due to decreased bone formation. However, osteoblast-specific Sema3A-deficient mice (Sema3acol1(-/-) and Sema3aosx(-/-) mice) had normal bone mass, even though the expression of Sema3A in bone was substantially decreased. In contrast, mice lacking Sema3A in neurons (Sema3asynapsin(-/-) and Sema3anestin(-/-) mice) had low bone mass, similar to Sema3a(-/-) mice, indicating that neuron-derived Sema3A is responsible for the observed bone abnormalities independent of the local effect of Sema3A in bone. Indeed, the number of sensory innervations of trabecular bone was significantly decreased in Sema3asynapsin(-/-) mice, whereas sympathetic innervations of trabecular bone were unchanged. Moreover, ablating sensory nerves decreased bone mass in wild-type mice, whereas it did not reduce the low bone mass in Sema3anestin(-/-) mice further, supporting the essential role of the sensory nervous system in normal bone homeostasis. Finally, neuronal abnormalities in Sema3a(-/-) mice, such as olfactory development, were identified in Sema3asynasin(-/-) mice, demonstrating that neuron-derived Sema3A contributes to the abnormal neural development seen in Sema3a(-/-) mice, and indicating that Sema3A produced in neurons regulates neural development in an autocrine manner. This study demonstrates that Sema3A regulates bone remodelling indirectly by modulating sensory nerve development, but not directly by acting on osteoblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fukuda, Toru -- Takeda, Shu -- Xu, Ren -- Ochi, Hiroki -- Sunamura, Satoko -- Sato, Tsuyoshi -- Shibata, Shinsuke -- Yoshida, Yutaka -- Gu, Zirong -- Kimura, Ayako -- Ma, Chengshan -- Xu, Cheng -- Bando, Waka -- Fujita, Koji -- Shinomiya, Kenichi -- Hirai, Takashi -- Asou, Yoshinori -- Enomoto, Mitsuhiro -- Okano, Hideyuki -- Okawa, Atsushi -- Itoh, Hiroshi -- NS065048/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 23;497(7450):490-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12115. Epub 2013 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23644455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Remodeling ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology/*innervation/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Organ Size ; Osteoblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Semaphorin-3A/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/cytology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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