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  • 1
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    Rain-On-Snow Events, Ecology and Community Recording (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN21759 , Arctic Snow Cover Changes and Their Consequences Workshop; Oct 16, 2014 - Oct 17, 2014; Copenhagen; Denmark
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Weekly Gridded Aquarius L-band Radiometer-scatterometer Observations and Salinity Retrievals over the Polar Regions - Part 1: Product Description (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Passive and active observations at L band (frequency (is) approximately 1.4 GHz) from the Aquarius/SAC-D mission offer new capabilities to study the polar regions. Due to the lack of polar-gridded products, however, applications over the cryosphere have been limited. We present three weekly polar-gridded products of Aquarius data to improve our understanding of L-band observations of ice sheets, sea ice, permafrost, and the polar oceans. Additionally, these products intend to facilitate access to L-band data, and can be used to assist in algorithm developments. Aquarius data at latitudes higher than 50 degrees are averaged and gridded into weekly products of brightness temperature (TB), normalized radar cross section (NRCS), and sea surface salinity (SSS). Each grid cell also contains sea ice fraction, the standard deviation of TB, NRCS, and SSS, and the number of footprint observations collected during the seven-day cycle. The largest 3 dB footprint dimensions are 97 km156 km and 74 km122 km (along across track) for the radiometers and scatterometer, respectively. The data is gridded to the Equal-Area Scalable Earth version 2.0 (EASE2.0) grid, with a grid cell resolution of 36 km. The data sets start in August 2011, with the first Aquarius observations and will be updated on a monthly basis following the release schedule of the Aquarius Level 2 data sets. The weekly gridded products are distributed by the US National Snow and Ice Data Center at http://nsidc.org/data/aquarius/index.html
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN15279 , The Cryosphere; 8; 3; 905-913
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Analysis of the Warmest Arctic Winter, 2015-2016 (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: December through February 2015-2016 defines the warmest winter season over the Arctic in the observational record. Positive 2m temperature anomalies were focused over regions of reduced sea ice cover in the Kara and Barents Seas and southwestern Alaska. A third region is found over the ice-covered central Arctic Ocean. The period is marked by a strong synoptic pattern which produced melting temperatures in close proximity to the North Pole in late December and anomalous high pressure near the Taymyr Peninsula. Atmospheric teleconnections from the Atlantic contributed to warming over Eurasian high-latitude land surfaces, and El Nio-related teleconnections explain warming over southwestern Alaska and British Columbia, while warm anomalies over the central Arctic are associated with physical processes including the presence of enhanced atmospheric water vapor and an increased downwelling longwave radiative flux. Preconditioning of sea ice conditions by warm temperatures affected the ensuing spring extent.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN38552 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 43; 20; 10,808-10,816
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Intercomparison of Snow Depth Retrievals over Arctic Sea Ice from Radar Data Acquired by Operation IceBridge (2017)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Since 2009, the ultra-wideband snow radar on Operation IceBridge (OIB; a NASA airborne mission to survey the polar ice covers) has acquired data in annual campaigns conducted during the Arctic and Antarctic springs. Progressive improvements in radar hardware and data processing methodologies have led to improved data quality for subsequent retrieval of snow depth. Existing retrieval algorithms differ in the way the air-snow (a-s) and snow-ice (s-i) interfaces are detected and localized in the radar returns and in how the system limitations are addressed (e.g., noise, resolution). In 2014, the Snow Thickness On Sea Ice Working Group (STOSIWG) was formed and tasked with investigating how radar data quality affects snow depth retrievals and how retrievals from the various algorithms differ. The goal is to understand the limitations of the estimates and to produce a well-documented, long-term record that can be used for understanding broader changes in the Arctic climate system. Here, we assess five retrieval algorithms by comparisons with field measurements from two groundbased campaigns, including the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) at Barrow, Alaska; a field program by Environment and Climate Change Canada at Eureka, Nunavut; and available climatology and snowfall from ERA-Interim (ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) Re-Analysis) reanalysis. The aim is to examine available algorithms and to use the assessment results to inform the development of future approaches. We present results from these assessments and highlight key considerations for the production of a long-term, calibrated geophysical record of springtime snow thickness over Arctic sea ice.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN51297 , The Cryosphere (e-ISSN 1994-0424); 11; 6; 2571-2593
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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