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  • 1
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    The outcome of acute hepatitis C predicted by the evolution of the viral quasispecies (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-15
    Description: The mechanisms by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces chronic infection in the vast majority of infected individuals are unknown. Sequences within the HCV E1 and E2 envelope genes were analyzed during the acute phase of hepatitis C in 12 patients with different clinical outcomes. Acute resolving hepatitis was associated with relative evolutionary stasis of the heterogeneous viral population (quasispecies), whereas progressing hepatitis correlated with genetic evolution of HCV. Consistent with the hypothesis of selective pressure by the host immune system, the sequence changes occurred almost exclusively within the hypervariable region 1 of the E2 gene and were temporally correlated with antibody seroconversion. These data indicate that the evolutionary dynamics of the HCV quasispecies during the acute phase of hepatitis C predict whether the infection will resolve or become chronic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farci, P -- Shimoda, A -- Coiana, A -- Diaz, G -- Peddis, G -- Melpolder, J C -- Strazzera, A -- Chien, D Y -- Munoz, S J -- Balestrieri, A -- Purcell, R H -- Alter, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 14;288(5464):339-44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy. farcip@pacs.unica.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral ; Disease Progression ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Variation ; Hepacivirus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Hepatitis C/immunology/*virology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies/biosynthesis ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology/*virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Prospective Studies ; Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/immunology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Numerical Study of the Role of Shallow Convection in Moisture Transport and Climate (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The objective of this investigation was to study the role of shallow convection on the regional water cycle of the Mississippi and Little Washita Basins of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) using a 3-D mesoscale model, the PSU/NCAR MM5. The underlying premise of the project was that current modeling of regional-scale climate and moisture cycles over the continents is deficient without adequate treatment of shallow convection. At the beginning of the study, it was hypothesized that an improved treatment of the regional water cycle can be achieved by using a 3-D mesoscale numerical model having high-quality parameterizations for the key physical processes controlling the water cycle. These included a detailed land-surface parameterization (the Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange (PLACE) sub-model of Wetzel and Boone), an advanced boundary-layer parameterization (the 1.5-order turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) predictive scheme of Shafran et al.), and a more complete shallow convection parameterization (the hybrid-closure scheme of Deng et al.) than are available in most current models. PLACE is a product of researchers working at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. The TKE and shallow-convection schemes are the result of model development at Penn State. The long-range goal is to develop an integrated suite of physical sub-models that can be used for regional and perhaps global climate studies of the water budget. Therefore, the work plan focused on integrating, improving, and testing these parameterizations in the MM5 and applying them to study water-cycle processes over the SGP. These schemes have been tested extensively through the course of this study and the latter two have been improved significantly as a consequence.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Development and Testing of Coupled Land-surface, PBL and Shallow/Deep Convective Parameterizations within the MM5 (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The objective of this investigation was to study the role of shallow convection on the regional water cycle of the Mississippi and Little Washita Basins using a 3-D mesoscale model, the PSUINCAR MM5. The underlying premise of the project was that current modeling of regional-scale climate and moisture cycles over the continents is deficient without adequate treatment of shallow convection. It was hypothesized that an improved treatment of the regional water cycle can be achieved by using a 3-D mesoscale numerical model having a detailed land-surface parameterization, an advanced boundary-layer parameterization, and a more complete shallow convection parameterization than are available in most current models. The methodology was based on the application in the MM5 of new or recently improved parameterizations covering these three physical processes. Therefore, the work plan focused on integrating, improving, and testing these parameterizations in the MM5 and applying them to study water-cycle processes over the Southern Great Plains (SGP): (1) the Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange (PLACE) described by Wetzel and Boone; (2) the 1.5-order turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)-predicting scheme of Shafran et al.; and (3) the hybrid-closure sub-grid shallow convection parameterization of Deng. Each of these schemes has been tested extensively through this study and the latter two have been improved significantly to extend their capabilities.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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