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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and characterization of a Schizophyllum gene with Aβ6 mating-type activity (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 136-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Schizophyllum commune ; Mating type ; Homeodomain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The A-pathway of development in the basidiomycete fungus Schizophyllum commune may be activated by either of two mating-type loci, Aα and Aβ. Aα consists of two multiallelic genes, Y and Z. Y contains a putative homeodomain; Z contains a homeodomain-related region. Non-self combinations of Y and Z form heteromultimers which are thought to be transcription factors of developmental genes. To more completely understand A-regulated development it is necessary to address the issue of functional redundancy, i.e., how do two different mating loci, Aα and Aβ, both manage to regulate the same pathway. Here we report the structure of a gene with Aβ6 activity. This gene, denoted AβV6, encodes a deduced polypeptide of 640 amino-acids with a homeodomain motif. V6 also contains a 20-amino acid sequence that is conserved in Aα Y1, Y3 and Y4. Except for the homeodomain and the conserved sequence, the deduced V6 polypeptide shows no significant identity to AαY, AαZ, or other known proteins. The presence of a homeodomain suggests that V, like Y and Z, may be a regulatory protein for genes in the A-pathway. Thus while Aα and Aβ encode different proteins, the general mechanism by which Aα and Aβ components signal A-regulated development may be similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050028
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Aα mating-type locus of Schizophyllum commune: structure and function of gene X (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words  Schizophyllum commune ; Mating type ; Gene replacement ; Gene disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   Gene X maps immediately right of gene Y at the Aα mating-type locus in Schizophyllum commune. Alleles X1, X3 and X4 were isolated, subcloned, and sequenced. The structure of the alleles and their relationship to the Aα locus is described. The deduced X isoforms possess no recognized motifs common to other polypeptides and no significant similarity to any sequences in the protein databases. X alleles do not activate A-regulated development when transformed into recipient strains possessing different Aα mating types or when these transformants are mated with tester strains. An X1-disrupted construction yielded a high frequency (33%) of homologous gene replacements. X-disrupted mutants have wild-type phenotypes and mate normally. Both the functional analyses and sequence data for X1, X3, and X4 suggest that the right boundary of the Aα mating-type locus falls between AαY and X. We propose that the Z and Y genes constitute the Aα locus in its entirety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050029
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Aα mating-type locus ofSchizophyflum commune: Structure and function of geneX (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Schizophyllum commune ; Mating type ; Gene replacement ; Gene disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract GeneX maps immediately right of geneY at the Aα mating-type locus inSchizophyllum commune. AllelesX1, X3 andX4 were isolated, subcloned, and sequenced. The structure of the alleles and their relationship to the Aα locus is described. The deducedX isoforms possess no recognized motifs common to other polypeptides and no significant similarity to any sequences in the protein databases.X alleles do not activate A-regulated development when transformed into recipient strains possessing different Aα mating types or when these transformants are mated with tester strains. AnX1-disrupted construction yielded a high frequency (33%) of homologous gene replacements.X-disrupted mutants have wild-type phenotypes and mate normally. Both the functional analyses and sequence data forX1,X3, andX4 suggest that the right boundary of the Aα mating-type locus falls betweenAαY andX. We propose that theZ andY genes constitute the Aoc locus in its entirety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221578
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and characterization of aSchizophyllum gene withAβ6 mating-type activity (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 136-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Schizophyllum commune ; Mating type ; Homeodomain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The A-pathway of development in the basidiomycete fungusSchizophyllum commune may be activated by either of two mating-type loci,Aξ andAβ Aα consists of two multiallelic genes,Y andZ. Y contains a putative homeodomain; Z contains a homeodomain-related region. Non- self combinations of Y and Z form heteromultimers which are thought to be transcription factors of developmental genes. To more completely understand A-regulated development it is necessary to address the issue of functional redundancy, i.e., how do two different mating loci,Aα andAβ, both manage to regulate the same pathway. Here we report the structure of a gene withAβ6 activity. This gene, denotedAβV6, encodes a deduced polypeptide of 640 amino-acids with a homeodomain motif. V6 also contains a 20-amino acid sequence that is conserved in Aα Y1, Y3 and Y4. Except for the homeodomain and the conserved sequence, the deduced V6 polypeptide shows no significant identity to AαY, AαZ, or other known proteins. The presence of a homeodomain suggests that V, like Y and Z, may be a regulatory protein for genes in the A-pathway. Thus whileAα andAβ encode different proteins, the general mechanism by which Aα and Aβ components signal A-regulated development may be similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221577
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regions in the Z5 mating gene of Schizophyllum commune involved in Y-Z binding and recognition (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 739-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Schizophyllum commune ; Mating type ; Homeodomain ; Two-hybrid system ; Protein interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The Aα mating locus of the woodrotting fungus Schizophyllum commune encodes two multiallelic genes, Y and Z, which regulate the A-pathway of development. The Y alleles contain a homeobox, suggesting that the Y proteins may be DNA-binding regulatory proteins. During mating, development is induced when Y from one mating partner interacts with Z from the other mating partner; self combinations of Y and Z are inactive. Two-hybrid analyses indicate that nonself combinations of Y and Z form heteromultimers and self combinations do not. To understand Y-Z binding and self- nonself recognition further we used mutagenesis and chimeras to identify regions in one allele of Z (Z5) that are involved in these processes. Here we report the results, which broadly define regions in Z5 that are essential for activity, Y-Z binding and Z5 allelic specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173981
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regions in theZ5 mating gene ofSchizophyllum commune involved in Y-Z binding and recognition (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 739-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Schizophyllum commune ; Mating type ; Homeodomain ; Two-hybrid system ; Protein interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Aα mating locus of the woodrotting fungusSchizophyllum commune encodes two multiallelic genes,Y andZ, which regulate the A-pathway of development. TheY alleles contain a homeobox, suggesting that the Y proteins may be DNA-binding regulatory proteins. During mating, development is induced when Y from one mating partner interacts with Z from the other mating partner; self combinations of Y and Z are inactive. Two-hybrid analyses indicate that nonself combinations of Y and Z form heteromultimers and self combinations do not. To understand Y-Z binding and self- nonself recognition further we used mutagenesis and chimeras to identify regions in one allele ofZ(Z5) that are involved in these processes. Here we report the results, which broadly define regions in Z5 that are essential for activity, Y-Z binding and Z5 allelic specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173981
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and comparison of Aα mating-type alleles of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 218 (1989), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Schizophyllum commune ; Mating type ; Incompatibility ; Multiallelic ; Self/nonself recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An Aα mating-type allele (Aα4) was isolated by walking the chromosome from the closely linked PAB1 gene. A cosmid clone containing the Aα1 allele isolated from the walk was used as a probe to recover the Aα1 allele from another cosmid library. Cosmids encoding mating-type activity were identified by transforming Schizophyllum cells and screening for activation of A-regulated development. Putative mating-type transformants were confirmed in mating tests and genetic analyses of progeny. The identity of the specific alleles isolated was demonstrated by showing that their effectiveness in transforming for mating type is limited to recipient strains possessing an Aα allele different from the one encoded by the cloned sequences. Transforming DNA is active in trans, suggesting that Aα encodes a diffusible product. Restriction mapping shows that Aα1 and Aα4 are coded in the same physical region of the genome, but within a subregion that contains extensive sequence divergence. In addition, Southern analyses show that there is only one copy of Aα1 or Aα4 per haploid genome, and that they do not cross-hybridize to one another or to any of the other Aα alleles. Aα1 and Aα4 were subcloned as 2.8 and 1.2 kb fragments, respectively, retaining in transformation all the mating-type activity demonstrated of the original cosmids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330567
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Only one of the paired Schizophyllum commune Aα mating-type, putative homeobox genes encodes a homeodomain essential for Aα-regulated development (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 244 (1994), S. 318-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Schizophyllum commune ; Homeodomain ; Homeobox ; Mating type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Aα mating-type locus is one of four master regulatory loci controlling sexual development in Schizophyllum commune. The Aα locus contains two homeobox genes, Y and Z, encoding two homeodomain-related proteins, Y and Z, Y and Z are each multi-allelic genes. When haploid strains form fusion cells, only particular combinations of Y and Z alleles activate Aα-regulated sexual development. The role of the putative homeodomain was examined in several Y and Z alleles by site-directed mutagenesis of regions critical to secondary structure and function of homeodomains. Mutations of the Z homeobox do not affect the function of Z proteins in Aα-activated development, but mutations of Yhomeoboxes destroy the ability of Y proteins to activate development. We conclude that only one of two Aα homeodomain-related regulators relies upon the homeodomain motif to effect gene expression in sexual development. This conclusion affords a refinement of our working hypothesis for the mechanism by which Aα proteins may regulate target gene expression. On the basis of our results with the Z protein, we speculate that the DNA-binding motifs of some transcriptional regulators may be lost or modified during evolution once these regulators have been recruited to participate in complexes with other DNA-binding proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285460
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