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  • Man/System Technology and Life Support  (11)
  • 2015-2019  (6)
  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1
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    Human and behavioral factors contributing to spine-based neurological cockpit injuries in pilots of high-performance aircraft: recommendations for management and prevention (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: In high-performance aircraft, the need for total environmental awareness coupled with high-g loading (often with abrupt onset) creates a predilection for cervical spine injury while the pilot is performing routine movements within the cockpit. In this study, the prevalence and severity of cervical spine injury are assessed via a modified cross-sectional survey of pilots of multiple aircraft types (T-38 and F-14, F-16, and F/A-18 fighters). Ninety-five surveys were administered, with 58 full responses. Fifty percent of all pilots reported in-flight or immediate post-flight spine-based pain, and 90% of fighter pilots reported at least one event, most commonly (〉 90%) occurring during high-g (〉 5 g) turns of the aircraft with the head deviated from the anatomical neutral position. Pre-flight stretching was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in neck pain episodes in this evaluation, whereas a regular weight training program in the F/A-18 group approached a significant reduction (mean = 2.492; p 〈 0.064). Different cockpit ergonomics may vary the predisposition to cervical injury from airframe to airframe. Several strategies for prevention are possible from both an aircraft design and a preventive medicine standpoint. Countermeasure strategies against spine injury in pilots of high-performance aircraft require additional research, so that future aircraft will not be limited by the human in control.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Military medicine (ISSN 0026-4075); Volume 165; 1; 6-12
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Testing of the NASA Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit Demonstration (xEMU Demo) Architecture at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
    Description: Following Z-2 space suit testing that occurred from 2016-2017, the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU) Project was tasked with building a demonstration unit of the xEMU space suit to test on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2023. This suit is called xEMU Demonstration Suit (xEMU Demo). Based on feedback from astronauts during the Z-2 NBL test series, design changes were made, resulting in a new prototype suit called the Z-2.5 space suit. The design of the Z-2.5 space suit with an exploration Portable Life Support Systems (xPLSS) mock-up represents the architecture of xEMU Demo. The team is testing Z-2.5 in the NBL to evaluate this architecture and validate changes made from Z-2. The results will inform the xEMU Demo design going forward to its Preliminary Design Review (PDR) in the summer of 2019. This Z-2.5 NBL test series focuses on evaluating the microgravity performance of the suit and the ability to complete ISS-related tasks. The series is comprised of 10 manned runs and an unmanned corn-man run. Six test subjects, including four astronauts, will participate. The test objective is to evaluate ability xEMU Demo architecture to perform ISS microgravity tasks. Each crew members will complete both a familiarization run and a nominal EMU EVA timeline run. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected to aid the assessment of the suit. Preliminary feedback from astronauts who have completed the test series evaluate the xEMU Demo architecture as acceptable to complete a demonstration mission on the ISS.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN70593 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) 2019; Jul 07, 2019 - Jul 11, 2019; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Tool for Bending a Metal Tube Precisely in a Confined Space (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A relatively simple, manually operated tool enables precise bending (typically, within 1/2 of the specified bend angle) of a metal tube located in a confined space, with a minimum of flattening of the tube and without significant gouging of the tube surface. The tool is designed for use in a situation in which the tube cannot be removed from the confined space for placement in a conventional benchmounted tube bender. The tool is also designed for use in a situation in which previously available hand-held tube benders do not afford the required precision, do not support the tube wall sufficiently to prevent flattening or gouging, and/or do not fit within the confined space. The tool is designed and fabricated for the specific outer diameter and bend radius of the tube to be bent. The tool (see figure) includes a clamping/radius block and a top clamping block that contain mating straight channels of semicircular cross section that fit snugly around the tube. The mating portions of the clamping/radius block and the top clamping block are clamped around a length of the tube that is adjacent to the bend and that is intended to remain straight. The clamping/radius block is so named because beyond the straight clamping section, its semicircular channel extends to a non-clamping section that is curved at the specified bend radius. A pivot hole is located in the clamping/radius block at the center of the bend circle. The tool includes a bending block that, like the other blocks, contains a straight semicircular channel that fits around the outside of the tube. The bending block contains a pivot hole to be aligned with the pivot hole in the clamping/radius block. Once the tube has been clamped between the clamping/ radius and top clamping blocks, the bending block is placed around the tube, the pivot holes are aligned, and a pivot pin is inserted through the pivot holes.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: GSC-14412 , NASA Tech Briefs, April 2003; 5-6
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Evaluation of Ionic Liquids for Closed Air Revitalization (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-23
    Description: This document is the final report resulting from the work conducted by undergraduate students at the University of South Alabama during the 2018/2019 academic year and was prepared by the undergraduate students. As NASA pushes the boundaries further into space, the current technologies within the various life support systems must be improved upon. One such improvement is needed to the current air revitalization systems, specifically sorbents that can capture CO2 more effectively from enclosed habitats. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered as absorbents for flue gas, but little research has been done to test the ability of ILs at ambient pressures and relatively low concentration of CO2. The experiment outlined below utilizes the task-specific ionic liquid, tetramethylammonium taurinate (TMN), in a commercial off the shelf absorption system to capture CO2. The CO2 stream is combined with nitrogen to produce an inlet gas concentration relevant to close air revitalization applications. At an inlet gas flow with a CO2 partial pressure of 3.8 torr the system was capable of removing just under 97% of the inlet CO2. The concentration of CO2 in the outlet stream, partial pressure 0.16 torr, was less than that of atmospheric air. The duty required to separate the absorbed gas from the ionic liquid as well to cool the ionic liquid to be reintroduced to the column were acquired utilizing laboratory cooling/heating baths. These results show that TMN may be an efficient candidate for consideration in closed air revitalization.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M19-7479
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) Vent Flow Reflection and Detection by Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: On-orbit Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) (i.e., mass spectrometer and ion gauge) measurements on the International Space Station (ISS) are presented to show the detection of recurring Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) vents at multiple ISS locations and RELL pointing directions. The path of ECLSS effluents to the RELL detectors is not entirely obvious at some locations, but the data indicates that diffuse gas-surface reflection or scattering resulting from plume interaction with vehicle surfaces is responsible. RELL was also able to confirm the ISS ECLSS constituents and distinguish them from the ammonia leak based on the ion mass spectra and known venting times during its operation to locate a leak in the ISS port-side External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS) coolant loop.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN59670 , SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications; Aug 19, 2018 - Aug 23, 2018; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Personality as it Relates to Decision Making, Information Processing and Error Management in Commercial Aviation (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Progress has been made on "Personality as it relates to decision making, information processing and error management in commercial aviation" in several areas during the first phase of the project.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Maximally Expressive Modeling of Operations Tasks (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Planning and scheduling systems organize "tasks" into a timeline or schedule. The tasks are defined within the scheduling system in logical containers called models. The dictionary might define a model of this type as "a system of things and relations satisfying a set of rules that, when applied to the things and relations, produce certainty about the tasks that are being modeled." One challenging domain for a planning and scheduling system is the operation of on-board experiments for the International Space Station. In these experiments, the equipment used is among the most complex hardware ever developed, the information sought is at the cutting edge of scientific endeavor, and the procedures are intricate and exacting. Scheduling is made more difficult by a scarcity of station resources. The models to be fed into the scheduler must describe both the complexity of the experiments and procedures (to ensure a valid schedule) and the flexibilities of the procedures and the equipment (to effectively utilize available resources). Clearly, scheduling International Space Station experiment operations calls for a "maximally expressive" modeling schema.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 08, 2003 - Mar 15, 2003; Big Sky, MT; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Modeling of Depth Cue Integration in Manual Control Tasks (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Psychophysical research has demonstrated that human observers utilize a variety of visual cues to form a perception of three-dimensional depth. However, most of these studies have utilized a passive judgement paradigm, and failed to consider depth-cue integration as a dynamic and task-specific process. In the current study, we developed and experimentally validated a model of manual control of depth that examines how two potential cues (stereo disparity and relative size) are utilized in both first- and second-order active depth control tasks. We found that stereo disparity plays the dominate role for determining depth position, while relative size dominates perception of depth velocity. Stereo disparity also plays a reduced role when made less salient (i.e., when viewing distance is increased). Manual control models predict that position information is sufficient for first-order control tasks, while velocity information is required to perform a second-order control task. Thus, the rules for depth-cue integration in active control tasks are dependent on both task demands and cue quality.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: NASA/TM-2003-211407 , IH-026 , NAS 1.15:211407
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Portable Medical Diagnosis Instrument (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: A system that integrates several technologies into a single, portable medical diagnostic apparatus for analyzing a sample body fluid (liquid and/or gas): (1) a mechanism to capture airborne microdroplets and to separate the body fluid into a first fluid component (primarily gas) and a second fluid component (primarily liquid); (2) a volatilizer to convert a portion of the second fluid component into a third fluid component that is primarily a gas; (3) a functionalized nanostructure (NS) array configured to receive, identify, and estimate concentration of at least one constituent in the first and/or third fluid components; (4) a miniaturized differential mobility spectrometer (DMS) module; and (5) a biomarker sensor, to detect volatile and non-volatile molecules in a sample fluid, which may contain one or more components of blood, breath, perspiration, saliva, and urine.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Control of a Glove-Based Grasp Assist Device (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: A grasp assist system includes a glove and sleeve. The glove includes a digit, i.e., a finger or thumb, and a force sensor. The sensor measures a grasping force applied to an object by an operator wearing the glove. The glove contains a tendon connected at a first end to the digit. The sleeve has an actuator assembly connected to a second end of the tendon and a controller in communication with the sensor. The controller includes a configuration module having selectable operating modes and a processor that calculates a tensile force to apply to the tendon for each of the selectable operating modes to assist the grasping force in a manner that differs for each of the operating modes. A method includes measuring the grasping force, selecting the mode, calculating the tensile force, and applying the tensile force to the tendon using the actuator assembly.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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