Publication Date:
2014-03-29
Description:
Successful mammalian cloning using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) into unfertilized, metaphase II (MII)-arrested oocytes attests to the cytoplasmic presence of reprogramming factors capable of inducing totipotency in somatic cell nuclei. However, these poorly defined maternal factors presumably decline sharply after fertilization, as the cytoplasm of pronuclear-stage zygotes is reportedly inactive. Recent evidence suggests that zygotic cytoplasm, if maintained at metaphase, can also support derivation of embryonic stem (ES) cells after SCNT, albeit at low efficiency. This led to the conclusion that critical oocyte reprogramming factors present in the metaphase but not in the interphase cytoplasm are 'trapped' inside the nucleus during interphase and effectively removed during enucleation. Here we investigated the presence of reprogramming activity in the cytoplasm of interphase two-cell mouse embryos (I2C). First, the presence of candidate reprogramming factors was documented in both intact and enucleated metaphase and interphase zygotes and two-cell embryos. Consequently, enucleation did not provide a likely explanation for the inability of interphase cytoplasm to induce reprogramming. Second, when we carefully synchronized the cell cycle stage between the transplanted nucleus (ES cell, fetal fibroblast or terminally differentiated cumulus cell) and the recipient I2C cytoplasm, the reconstructed SCNT embryos developed into blastocysts and ES cells capable of contributing to traditional germline and tetraploid chimaeras. Last, direct transfer of cloned embryos, reconstructed with ES cell nuclei, into recipients resulted in live offspring. Thus, the cytoplasm of I2C supports efficient reprogramming, with cell cycle synchronization between the donor nucleus and recipient cytoplasm as the most critical parameter determining success. The ability to use interphase cytoplasm in SCNT could aid efforts to generate autologous human ES cells for regenerative applications, as donated or discarded embryos are more accessible than unfertilized MII oocytes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124901/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124901/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, Eunju -- Wu, Guangming -- Ma, Hong -- Li, Ying -- Tippner-Hedges, Rebecca -- Tachibana, Masahito -- Sparman, Michelle -- Wolf, Don P -- Scholer, Hans R -- Mitalipov, Shoukhrat -- P51 OD011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51OD011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY021214/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057121/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD059946/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD063276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01EY021214/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01HD057121/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD059946/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD063276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 1;509(7498):101-4. doi: 10.1038/nature13134. Epub 2014 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA. ; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Munster 48149, Germany. ; 1] Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA [2] South Miyagi Medical Center, Miyagi 989-1253, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Cell Count
;
*Cellular Reprogramming
;
Cloning, Organism
;
Cytoplasm/*metabolism
;
Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology
;
Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology
;
Female
;
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology
;
*Interphase
;
Male
;
Metaphase
;
Mice
;
*Nuclear Transfer Techniques
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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