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  • 1
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    South Africa's new enemy (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: Many South Africans long dreamed of the day when the oppressive apartheid system would end. That day has come, but now the country faces a new disaster: one of the world's worst HIV epidemics--and most confusing government responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2168-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Government ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Public Policy ; *Research ; South Africa/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: Theories of the regulation of cognition suggest a system with two necessary components: one to implement control and another to monitor performance and signal when adjustments in control are needed. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a task-switching version of the Stroop task were used to examine whether these components of cognitive control have distinct neural bases in the human brain. A double dissociation was found. During task preparation, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 9) was more active for color naming than for word reading, consistent with a role in the implementation of control. In contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's areas 24 and 32) was more active when responding to incongruent stimuli, consistent with a role in performance monitoring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, A W 3rd -- Cohen, J D -- Stenger, V A -- Carter, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1835-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Color ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reading
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: Comparison of genomic DNA sequences from human and mouse revealed a new apolipoprotein (APO) gene (APOAV) located proximal to the well-characterized APOAI/CIII/AIV gene cluster on human 11q23. Mice expressing a human APOAV transgene showed a decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations to one-third of those in control mice; conversely, knockout mice lacking Apoav had four times as much plasma triglycerides as controls. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the APOAV locus were found to be significantly associated with plasma triglyceride levels in two independent studies. These findings indicate that APOAV is an important determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, a major risk factor for coronary artery disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennacchio, L A -- Olivier, M -- Hubacek, J A -- Cohen, J C -- Cox, D R -- Fruchart, J C -- Krauss, R M -- Rubin, E M -- HL-18574/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-53917/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL66681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):169-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alleles ; Animals ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Apolipoproteins A ; Apolipoproteins C/blood ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cohort Studies ; Computational Biology ; Coronary Disease/etiology/genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Multigene Family ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transgenes ; Triglycerides/*blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: The long-standing rationalist tradition in moral psychology emphasizes the role of reason in moral judgment. A more recent trend places increased emphasis on emotion. Although both reason and emotion are likely to play important roles in moral judgment, relatively little is known about their neural correlates, the nature of their interaction, and the factors that modulate their respective behavioral influences in the context of moral judgment. In two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using moral dilemmas as probes, we apply the methods of cognitive neuroscience to the study of moral judgment. We argue that moral dilemmas vary systematically in the extent to which they engage emotional processing and that these variations in emotional engagement influence moral judgment. These results may shed light on some puzzling patterns in moral judgment observed by contemporary philosophers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, J D -- Sommerville, R B -- Nystrom, L E -- Darley, J M -- Cohen, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2105-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Department of Philosophy, 1879 Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. jdgreene@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; *Judgment ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental Processes ; *Morals ; Reaction Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Television viewing and aggressive behavior were assessed over a 17-year interval in a community sample of 707 individuals. There was a significant association between the amount of time spent watching television during adolescence and early adulthood and the likelihood of subsequent aggressive acts against others. This association remained significant after previous aggressive behavior, childhood neglect, family income, neighborhood violence, parental education, and psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Jeffrey G -- Cohen, Patricia -- Smailes, Elizabeth M -- Kasen, Stephanie -- Brook, Judith S -- DA-03188/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-36971/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. jjohnso@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aggression ; Child Abuse ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Interviews as Topic ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Sex Characteristics ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Television ; Theft ; Time Factors ; *Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Major international AIDS research collaborations (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: Science lists the major collaborative research projects throughout sub-Saharan Africa. This list will be updated periodically at www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/africacollaborations.shl. Please send additions and changes to science_news@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2156-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Female ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Male ; *Research
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Profile. An ambassador of research (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: Elizabeth Ngugi, a nurse and social worker with a collaborative AIDS research program based at the University of Nairobi, plays a role that is crucial for many AIDS projects throughout Africa--but one that seldom receives credit in scientific circles. Like an ambassador of research, Ngugi connects ostracized communities that have little education and even less money to an international team of AIDS scientists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control/transmission ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Kenya ; Male ; Prostitution ; *Research
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    HIV transmission. AIDS researchers look to Africa for new insights (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):942-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Adult ; Africa/epidemiology ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Breast Feeding ; Developing Countries ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sexual Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Ground zero: AIDS research in Africa (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: More and more European and North American AIDS researchers are coming to sub-Saharan Africa, which is home to a whopping 70% of all HIV-infected people. These investigators are collaborating with local researchers on projects that aim to slow both HIV's spread and the course of disease in the millions already infected. But most African countries--constrained by limited resources, weak infrastructures, social mores, and political inaction--have grave difficulties translating research insights into prevention and treatment strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2150-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics/epidemiology/therapy/transmission ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Anti-HIV Agents ; Congresses as Topic ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Financial Support ; *HIV Infections/economics/epidemiology/therapy/transmission ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; *Research ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia caused by mutations in a putative LDL receptor adaptor protein (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: Atherogenic low density lipoproteins are cleared from the circulation by hepatic low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). Two inherited forms of hypercholesterolemia result from loss of LDLR activity: autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), caused by mutations in the LDLR gene, and autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH), of unknown etiology. Here we map the ARH locus to an approximately 1-centimorgan interval on chromosome 1p35 and identify six mutations in a gene encoding a putative adaptor protein (ARH). ARH contains a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which in other proteins binds NPXY motifs in the cytoplasmic tails of cell-surface receptors, including the LDLR. ARH appears to have a tissue-specific role in LDLR function, as it is required in liver but not in fibroblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, C K -- Wilund, K -- Arca, M -- Zuliani, G -- Fellin, R -- Maioli, M -- Calandra, S -- Bertolini, S -- Cossu, F -- Grishin, N -- Barnes, R -- Cohen, J C -- Hobbs, H H -- E.0565/Telethon/Italy -- HL07360/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P0I-HL2048/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1394-8. Epub 2001 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Genes, Recessive/*genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Introns/genetics ; Italy ; Lebanon ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; Organ Specificity ; Pedigree ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, LDL/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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