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  • 1
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    The tropical experiment of the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project (STEP) - Science objectives, operations, and summary findings (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An overview is presented of the tropical component of STEP. The STEP cooperative experiments are described and summaries are presented of the STEP tropical ER-2 aircraft flights. STEP tropical results on dehydration and transfer and the mechanisms of upward transfer are summarized. Illustrations show flight paths for each sortie on satellite images and on 100 hPa synoptic flow charts, as well as the timing of flights with respect to overall cloudiness in the Australian region.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; D5; p. 8563-8589.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Satellite and correlative measurements of the stratospheric aerosol. II Comparison of measurements made by SAM II, dustsondes and airborne lidar (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Results are shown from the first set of measurements conducted to validate extinction data from the Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement II (SAM II). Dustsonde-measured number density profiles and lidar-measured backscattering profiles for two days are converted to extinction profiles, and are shown to agree within their respective uncertainties at all heights above the tropopause. Near the tropopause, agreement depends on use of model size distributions with larger particles, having radii greater than 0.6 microns. The presence of such large particles is supported by measurements made elsewhere, is suggested by the in situ size distribution measurements reported, and is likely to have an important bearing on the radiative impact of the total stratospheric aerosol. It is concluded that the SAM II extinction data and uncertainty estimates are supported.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 38; June 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Cloud and aerosol optical depths (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: An airborne Sun photometer was used to measure optical depths in clear atmospheres between the appearances of broken stratus clouds, and the optical depths in the vicinity of smokes. Results show that (human) activities can alter the chemical and optical properties of background atmospheres to affect their spectral optical depths. Effects of water vapor adsorption on aerosol optical depths are apparent, based on data of the water vapor absorption band centered around 940 nm. Smoke optical depths show increases above the background atmosphere by up to two orders of magnitude. When the total optical depths measured through clouds were corrected for molecular scattering and gaseous absorption by subtracting the total optical depths measured through the background atmosphere, the resultant values are lower than those of the background aerosol at short wavelengths. The spectral dependence of these cloud optical depths is neutral, however, in contrast to that of the background aerosol or the molecular atmosphere.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Annals from the German Meteorological Society, No. 25: 10th International Cloud Physics Conference Preprints, Volume 1; p 125-126
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Satellite stratospheric aerosol measurement validation (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The validity of the stratospheric aerosol measurements made by the satellite sensors SAM II and SAGE was tested by comparing their results with each other and with results obtained by other techniques (lider, dustsonde, filter, and impactor). The latter type of comparison required the development of special techniques that convert the quantity measured by the correlative sensor (e.g. particle backscatter, number, or mass) to that measured by the satellite sensor (extinction) and quantitatively estimate the uncertainty in the conversion process. The results of both types of comparisons show agreement within the measurement and conversion uncertainties. Moreover, the satellite uncertainty is small compared to aerosol natural variability (caused by seasonal changes, volcanoes, sudden warmings, and vortex structure). It was concluded that the satellite measurements are valid.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-86003 , A-9847 , NAS 1.15:86003
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Orbiting lidar simulations. I - Aerosol and cloud measurements by an independent-wavelength technique (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Aerosol and cloud measurements have been simulated for a Space Shuttle lidar. Expected errors - in signal, transmission, density, and calibration - are calculated algebraically and checked by simulating measurements and retrievals using random-number generators. By day, vertical structure is retrieved for tenuous clouds, Saharan aerosols, and boundary layer aerosols (at 0.53 and 1.06 micron) as well as strong volcanic stratospheric aerosols (at 0.53 micron). By night, all these constituents are retrieved plus upper tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols (at 1.06 micron), mesospheric aerosols (at 0.53 micron), and noctilucent clouds (at 1.06 and 0.53 micron). The vertical resolution was 0.1-0.5 km in the troposphere, 0.5-2.0 km above, except 0.25-1.0 km in the mesospheric cloud and aerosol layers; horizontal resolution was 100-2000 km.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Applied Optics; 21; May 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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