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  • 1
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    The anomalous Arctic lower stratospheric polar vortex of 1992-1993 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Potential vorticity (PV) gradients defining the lower stratospheric vortex during the 1992-1993 winter were anomalously strong and persistent compared to those during the last 16 Arctic winters. For approximately equal to 3 months PV gradients were closer to typical Antarctic values than to most Arctic values. Air motion diagnostics computed for 3-dimensional air parcels confirm that the 1992-1993 Arctic lower stratospheric vortex was substantially more isolated than is typical. Such isolation will delay and reduce the export of the higher ozone typical of the winter lower stratospheric vortex to mid-latitudes. This may have contributed to the record-low total ozone amounts observed in northern mid-latitudes in 1993.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 22; p. 2405-2408
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  • 2
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    Tropical waves and the quasi-biennial oscillation in the lower stratosphere (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: By means of spectrum analysis of 11 years of lower stratospheric daily winds and temperatures at Balboa, Ascension and Canton-Singapore, evidence is presented supporting the existence of two principal wave modes with periods of about 11-17 days (Kelvin waves) and about 4-5 days (mixed Rossby-gravity waves). The structure of the two wave modes, as well as the vertical eddy momentum flux by the waves, is shown to be related to the quasi-biennial cycle, although for the mixed Rossby-gravity waves this is obvious only at Ascension. In addition, the Coriolis term, suggested as a source of vertical easterly momentum flux for the mixed Rossby-gravity waves, is investigated and found to be of the same magnitude as the vertical eddy flux term. Finally, we have examined the mean meridional motion and the meridional eddy momentum flux for its possible association with the quasi- biennial variation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 33; Mar. 197
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  • 3
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    A comparison of observed and simulated properties of sudden stratospheric warmings (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of observational data and dynamical numerical simulations of stratospheric warmings. Classes of warmings, major and minor (major if poleward movement of planetary-scale thermal systems entails reversal of polar circulation at 10 mb or below), trajectories of warm cells, vertical and horizontal scale of warm-air systems, the time-scale of warming, initial zonal flow conditions prior to a warming, circulation reversals, and details of the energy budget before and after a warming are discussed. The 1963 and 1973 types of warmings are contrasted: the strong baroclinic conversion of eddy potential to eddy kinetic energy was not repeated in the latter, but both events were preceded by very large fluxes from the troposphere. Numerical model simulations by various authors are compared and evaluated.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 32; Sept
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  • 4
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    A study of the atmospheric energetics of a six-layer operational forecast model (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Verification data for twice-daily analyses of horizontal wind and temperature are compared with 00, 12, 24, 36, 60, and 84 hour forecasts prepared for winter 1975-76 from a six-layer operational forecast model; the comparison focuses on certain energy components in the forecast fields. Significant losses (15 to 20%) of zonal available potential energy and zonal kinetic energy appear beyond the 36-hour forecasts; the zonal kinetic energy loss is associated with a large increase in this parameter during the first 12-hour forecast period, due to a downward and northward movement of the mean jet-stream core. In addition, energy losses in the eddy potential and kinetic energy components are noted in the initialization procedure.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 106; May 1978
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  • 5
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    Northern hemisphere total ozone values from 1989-1993 determined with the NOAA-11 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV/2) instrument (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Determinations of global total ozone amounts have been made from recently reprocessed measurements with the SBUV/2 on the NOAA-11 environmental satellite since January 1989. This data set employs a new algorithm and an updated calibration. Comparisons with total ozone amounts derived from a significant subset of the global network of Dobson spectrophotometers shows a 0.3% bias between the satellite and ground measurements for the period January 1989-May 1993. Comparisons with the data from individual stations exhibit differing degrees of agreement which could be due to the matchup procedures and also to the uncertainties in the Dobson data. The SBUV/2 data set discussed here traces the Northern Hemisphere total ozone from 1989 to the present, showing a marked decrease from the average of those years starting in the summer of 1992 and continuing into 1993, with an apparent returning to more normal levels in late 1993.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 3; p. 205-208
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  • 6
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    Verification and analysis of TOVS satellite data (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A study which involves the verification of TOVS (TIROS Operational Vertical Soundings) stratospheric temperature information and derived geopotential heights, as well as the higher order derivations of wind, heat flux, and momentum flux, is discussed. Rocketsondes were launched daily at the times of NOAA-7 overpasses of Wallops Island during February 23-March 24, 1982, and resources made available by NASA were used to provide in-situ field measurements and additional analysis. The TOVS satellite products from hemispheric analyses are compared with unsmoothed rocketsonde data. Some of the benefits provided by the comparisons are considered.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite/Remote Sensing and Applications; Jun 25, 1984 - Jun 29, 1984; Clearwater Beach, FL
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  • 7
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    Comparisons of observed ozone and temperature trends in the lower stratosphere (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: One result of the ozone assessment (WMO, 1989) is that there is a significant negative ozone trend in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere from 1970 through 1986. The relationship of this trend in ozone to that of temperature in the same altitude region is examined utilizing a 62-station set of rawinsonde data, and the results are compared to the changes in temperature determined from a radiative equilibrium model calculation. The calculated and observed trends in lower stratospheric temperature indicate substantial agreement in the shape and magnitude of the vertical profiles.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 19; 9 Ma; 929-932
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