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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-04-02
    Description: The Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators (SEPAC), which flew on the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS) 1 mission, used new techniques to study natural phenomena in the Earth's upper atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere by introducing energetic perturbations into the system from a high power electron beam with known characteristics. Properties of auroras were studied by directing the electron beam into the upper atmosphere while making measurements of optical emissions. Studies were also performed of the critical ionization velocity phenomenon.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 9; p. (9)263-(9)270
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: To date, operational satellite temperature retrievals from the TIROS-N/NOAA A-G series of satellites and a large percentage of those produced for research purposes have used statistical techniques to estimate limb effects in satellite-observed radiances. In this study, temperature profiles were derived using the radiative transfer equation in a form which properly takes into account the angle of observation. These temperature profiles were then compared to those derived using the radiative transfer equation with 'nadir radiances' produced by a statistical limb correction technique similar to those now used operationally. This comparison revealed significant differences in the derived temperature profiles at large viewing angles, particularly in the case of strong meridional temperature gradients. Overall, the results suggest that for the calculation of temperature profiles from nonnadir observations, the more proper physical solution is the preferred procedure for deriving temperature fields.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 24; 287-290
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The utility of VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) temperature and moisture soundings and cloud and water vapor motion winds in defining a storm and its surroundings at subsynoptic scales has been examined using a numerical analysis and prognosis system. It is shown that the VAS temperature and moisture data, which specify temperature and moisture well in cloud-free areas, are complemented by cloud and water vapor motion data generated in the cloudy areas. The cloud and water vapor 'winds' provide thermal gradient information for interpolating the soundings across cloudy regions. The loss of analysis integrity due to the reduction of VAS sounding density in the cloudy regions associated with synoptic activity is ameliorated by using cloud and water vapor motion winds. The improvement in numerical forecasts resulting from the addition of these data to the numerical analysis is recorded.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society, Bulletin (ISSN 0003-0007); 66; 258-263
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The utility of VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) temperature and moisture soundings in defining the storm and its surroundings at subsynoptic scales has been examined using a numerical analysis and prognosis system. In particular, VAS temperature and moisture soundings and cloud and water vapor motion winds have been used in numerical analysis for three time periods. It is shown that the VAS temperature and moisture data which specify temperature and moisture well in cloud free regions are complemented by cloud and water vapor wind data which provide horizontal gradient information for the cloudy areas. The loss of analysis integrity due to the reduction of VAS data density in the cloudy regions associated with synoptic activity is ameliorated by using cloud and water vapor motion winds. The improvement in numerical forecasts resulting from the addition of these data to the numerical data base is also recorded.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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