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  • 1
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    NASA scatterometer oceanic wind measurement system (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: Satellite scatterometers are active microwave radars designed to yield measurements of near surface horizontal wind velocity over the ocean. Scatterometers are unique in that they are the only existing microwave remote sensing instruments that allow measurements of both wind speed and wind direction. NASA will fly a scatterometer, NSCAT, aboard the Navy Ocean Remote Sensing System (N-ROSS) mission starting in late 1990. N-ROSS is a spaceborne ocean remote sensing system with a planned mission life of three years. In addition to the NSCAT, N-ROSS will have three other microwave instruments mounted on a single satellite flying in a near polar orbit: an altimeter; a special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I); and a low frequency microwave radiometer. The NSCAT to be flown on N-ROSS is described.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Proceedings of the NASA Symposium on Global Wind Measurements; p 143-147
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    ARMAR: An airborne rain-mapping radar (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A new airborne rain-mapping radar (ARMAR) has been developed by NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for operation on the NASA Ames DC-8 aircraft. The radar operates at 13.8 GHz, the frequency to be used by the radar on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). ARMAR simulates the TRMM radar geometry by looking downward and scanning its antenna in the cross-track direction. This basic compatibility between ARMAR and TRMM allows ARMAR to provide information useful for the TRMM radar design, for rain retrieval algorithm development, and for postlaunch calibration. ARMAR has additional capabilities, including multiple polarization, Doppler velocity measurement, and a radiometer channel for brightness temperature measurement. The system has been tested in both ground-based and airborne configurations. This paper describes the design of the system and shows results of field tests.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (ISSN 0739-0572); 11; 3; p. 727-737
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Air-sea fluxes and surface layer turbulence around a sea surface temperature front (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The observed effects of sharp changes in sea surface temperature (SST) on the air-sea fluxes, surface roughness, and the turbulence structure in the surface layer and the marine atmospheric boundary layer are discussed. In situ flux and turbulence observations were carried out from three aircraft and two ships within the FASINEX framework. Three other aircraft used remote sensors to measure waves, microwave backscatter, and lidar signatures of cloud tops. Descriptions of the techniques, intercomparison of aircraft and ship flux data, and use of different methods for analyzing the fluxes from the aircraft data are described. Changing synoptic weather on three successive days yielded cases of wind direction both approximately parallel and perpendicular to a surface temperature front. For the wind perpendicular to the front, wind over both cold-to-warm and warm-to-cold surface temperatures occurred. Model results consistent with the observations suggest that an internal boundary layer forms at the SST.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 8593-860
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Conceptual design of a spaceborne radar for global rain mapping (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The conceptual design of a spaceborne rain mapping radar is described. This system has dual frequency channels operating at 14 and 35 GHz. It is capable of measuring precepitation profiles for rainfall rates from 0.3 mm/hr and up to 60 mm/hr. The rain reflectivity measurements obtained by this system are expected to have accuracies better than 10 percent.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Optical technique to characterize heavy rain (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A technique to measure the size and velocity of raindrops is presented and experimental and numerical results discussed. The technique bases the droplet size on the absolute intensity of the light scattered when the droplets cross a laser-based probe volume. The velocity is obtained from the Doppler frequency. A size range of 0.1 mm to 9 mm was covered with overlapping ranges. Experiments were conducted with simulated rain sprays except that the local LWC was much larger than the values encountered in natural rain. The accuracy of the size measurement was not strongly affected by spray interference, but it showed a clear dependence with the droplet shape. A simple numerical model based on the light reflected from ellipsoids attempts to explain the relationship between droplet shape and absolute scattered light.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-0292
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Studies of ocean radar backscatter and near surface winds relationship during FASINEX (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The relationship between radar backscatter and surface wind was investigated using data of two separate studies conducted using a set of airborne radar backscatter measurements and the associated in-situ measurements obtained during the Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) on February 21, 1986. The results showed that the radar backscatter cross section, sigma(0), of the ocean correlates best with the friction velocity, rather than with the equivalent neutral stability wind, U(N), indicating that the existing model of sigma(0) vs U(N) is inadequate.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction; Feb 01, 1988 - Feb 05, 1988; Anaheim, CA; United States
    Format: text
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