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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (5)
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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (5)
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  • 1
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    Optimal combining of ground-based sensors for the purpose of validating satellite-based rainfall estimates (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two problems related to radar rainfall estimation are described. The first part is a description of a preliminary data analysis for the purpose of statistical estimation of rainfall from multiple (radar and raingage) sensors. Raingage, radar, and joint radar-raingage estimation is described, and some results are given. Statistical parameters of rainfall spatial dependence are calculated and discussed in the context of optimal estimation. Quality control of radar data is also described. The second part describes radar scattering by ellipsoidal raindrops. An analytical solution is derived for the Rayleigh scattering regime. Single and volume scattering are presented. Comparison calculations with the known results for spheres and oblate spheroids are shown.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-188185 , NAS 1.26:188185
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Uncertainty in vertically integrated liquid water content due to radar reflectivity observation error (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Radar reflectivity is used to estimate meteorological quantities such as rainfall rate, liquid water content, and the related quantity, vertically integrated liquid (VIL) water content. The estimation of any of these quantities depends on several assumptions related to the characteristics of the physical processes controlling the occurrence and character of water in the atmosphere. Additionally, there are many sources of error associated with radar observations, such as those due to brighthand, hail, and drop size distribution approximations. This work addresses one error of interest, the radar reflectivity observation error; other error sources are assumed to be corrected or negligible. The result is a relationship between the uncertainty in VIL water content and radar reflectivity measurement error. An example application illustrates the estimation of VIL uncertainty from typical radar reflectivity observations and indicates that the coefficient of variation in VIL is much larger than the coefficient of variation in radar reflectivity.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (ISSN 0739-0572); 12; 2; p. 404-409
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Estimating rainfall in the tropics using the fractional time raining (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The relationship between the fractional time raining and tropical rainfall amount is investigated using raingage data and a point process model of tropical rainfall. Both the strength and the nature of the relationship are dependent upon the resolution of the data used to estimate the fractional time raining. It is found that highly accurate estimates of rainfall amounts over periods of one month or greater can be obtained from the fractional time raining so long as high-time-resolution data are used. It is demonstrated that the relationship between the fractional time raining and monthly atoll rainfall is quasi-homogeneous within the monsoon trough region of the equatorial western Pacific.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 33; 3; p. 387-393
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    On the estimation of climatological Z-R relationships (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A statistical framework for climatological Z-R parameter estimation is developed and simulation experiments are conducted to examine sampling properties of the estimators. Both parametric and nonparametric models are considered. For parametric models, it is shown that Z-R parameters can be estimated by maximum likelihood, a procedure with optimal large sample properties. A general nonparametric framework for climatological Z-R estimation is also developed. Nonparametric procedures are attractive because of their flexibility in dealing with certain types of measurement errors common to radar data. Simulation experiments show that even under favorable assumptions on error characteristics of radar and raingages, large datasets are required to obtain accurate Z-R parameter estimates. Another important conclusion is that estimation results are generally quite sensitive to radar and raingage measurement thresholds. For fixed sample size, the simulation results can be used to provide quantitative assessments of the accuracy of Z-R model parameter estimates. These results are particularly useful for error analysis of precipitation products that are derived using climatological Z-R relations. One example is the large-area rainfall estimates derived using the height-area rainfall threshold (HART) technique.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 30; 1436-144
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Nonlinear estimation of monsoon rainfall from radar and raingage data (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Estimates of climatological rainfall are made as part of the validation program for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. Radar and raingage data collected during AMEX in Darwin, Australia during 1987 and 1988 are analyzed using a nonlinear merging methodology known as disjunctive cokriging (Azimi-Zonooz et al., 1989). The methodology is outlined and the results are used to determine the most advantageous time scale for estimation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; May 16, 1989 - May 19, 1989; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: text
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