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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A perturbation model to the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Global Reference Atmosphere Model (GRAM) was developed for use in the Aeroassist Orbital Transfer Vehicle (AOTV) trajectory and analysis. The model reflects NASA Space Shuttle experience over the first twelve entry flights. The GRAM was selected over the Air Force 1978 Reference Model because of its more general formulation and wider use throughout NASA. The add-on model, a simple scaling with altitude to reflect density structure encountered by the Shuttle Orbiter was selected principally to simplify implementation. Perturbations, by season, can be utilized to minimize the number of required simulations, however, exact Shuttle flight history can be exercised using the same model if desired. Such a perturbation model, though not meteorologically motivated, enables inclusion of High Resolution Accelerometer Package (HiRAP) results in the thermosphere. Provision is made to incorporate differing perturbations during the AOTV entry and exit phases of the aero-asist maneuver to account for trajectory displacement (geographic) along the ground track.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-171824-PT-2 , NAS 1.26:171824-PT-2
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The ambient atmospheric parameter comparisons versus derived values from the first twelve Space Shuttle Orbiter entry flights are presented. Available flights, flight data products, and data sources utilized are reviewed. Comparisons are presented based on remote meteorological measurements as well as two comprehensive models which incorporate latitudinal and seasonal effects. These are the Air Force 1978 Reference Atmosphere and the Marshall Space Flight Center Global Reference Model (GRAM). Atmospheric structure sensible in the Shuttle flight data is shown and discussed. A model for consideration in Aero-assisted Orbital Transfer Vehicle (AOTV) trajectory analysis, proposed to modify the GRAM data to emulate Shuttle experiments.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-171824-PT-1 , NAS 1.26:171824-PT-1 , AMA-84-16
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Previously cited in issue 19, p. 3075, Accession no. A82-39109
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: (ISSN 0022-4560)
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two wind profiles were determined from STS-1 entry flight data based on preliminary best estimate trajectory (BET). The deterministic process used in deriving the atmospheric winds requires inertial estimates of the spacecraft angle-of-attack (alpha) and side-slip angle (beta) from the BET in conjunction with some air data system measurements of the actual angles. The current orbiter air data system (OADS) provides the necessary alpha information. Two beta profiles were adopted. The first profile assumed that the spacecraft would weathervane into any prevailing wind. The second assumed a conservative side-slip history computed from measured accelerations in the spacecraft body axes. It is shown that there are no major differences between the deterministic winds computed using both methods. Further, comparisons of these winds with raw measurements from Tehachapi, California, and preliminary winds obtained from the LaRC LAIRS file and the JSC/TRW descent BET are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-165881 , NAS 1.26:165881 , AMA-81-13
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Deterministic and weighted least squares methods for obtaining estimates of the horizontal winds encountered during the Shuttle entry phase are described. The estimates are based on in situ Air Data System (ADS) measurements of angle-of-attack, side-slip angle and true airspeed, in conjunction with inertial trajectory parameters obtained from the post flight trajectory reconstruction. Accuracies in the wind estimates obtained from each method are assessed using both theoretical arguments and flight results. Comparisons of derived winds with meteorological measurements taken during the first three Shuttle entries have demonstrated: (1) the usefulness of the wind estimators for evaluating meteorological measurements below 50 kft, and (2) the potential for adequate wind determinations in the absence of independent wind measurements. Comparisons of STS-3 flight-derived L/D versus predicted values from the LaRC aerodynamic data base are presented from 50 kft to touchdown. These results exemplify the importance of such determinations to enhance the ongoing Shuttle aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic research.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 82-1333 , Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 09, 1982 - Aug 11, 1982; San Diego, CA
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