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  • 1
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    Longwave surface radiation over the globe from satellite data - An error analysis (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Errors have been analyzed for monthly-average downward and net longwave surface fluxes derived on a 5-deg equal-area grid over the globe, using a satellite technique. Meteorological data used in this technique are available from the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) system flown aboard NOAA's operational sun-synchronous satellites. The data used are for February 1982 from NOAA-6 and NOAA-7 satellites. The errors in the parametrized equations were estimated by comparing their results with those from a detailed radiative transfer model. The errors in the TOVS-derived surface temperature, water vapor burden, and cloud cover were estimated by comparing these meteorological parameters with independent measurements obtained from other satellite sources. Analysis of the overall errors shows that the present technique could lead to underestimation of downward fluxes by 5 to 15 W/sq m and net fluxes by 4 to 12 W/sq m.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 14; 1; p. 95-114.
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Downward longwave surface radiation from sun-synchronous satellite data - Validation of methodology (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An extensive study has been carried out to validate a satellite technique for estimating downward longwave radiation at the surface. The technique, mostly developed earlier, uses operational sun-synchronous satellite data and a radiative transfer model to provide the surface flux estimates. The satellite-derived fluxes were compared directly with corresponding ground-measured fluxes at four different sites in the United States for a common one-year period. This provided a study of seasonal variations as well as a diversity of meteorological conditions. Dome heating errors in the ground-measured fluxes were also investigated and were corrected prior to the comparisons. Comparison of the monthly averaged fluxes from the satellite and ground sources for all four sites for the entire year showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a standard error of estimate of 10 W/sq m. A brief description of the technique is provided, and the results validating the technique are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 25; 1012-102
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  • 3
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    ERBE and AVHRR Cirrus cloud fire study (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Understanding the impact of cirrus clouds on the global radiation budget is essential to determining the role of clouds in the process of climate change. The ongoing Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) is charged with measuring the global radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere. The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) is measuring global cloud amounts and properties over a time frame similar to ERBE. Specific cloud properties are absent from the ERBE program, while ISCCP lacks the broadband radiances necessary to determine the total radiation fields. Together, results from these two global programs have the potential for improving the knowledge of the relationship between cirrus clouds and the Earth radiation balance. The First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE), especially its cirrus Intensive Field Observations (IFO), provides opportunities for studying radiation measurements from the ERBE taken over areas with known cirrus cloud properties. Satellite measurements taken during the IFO are used to determine the broadband radiation fields over cirrus clouds and to examine the relationship between narrowband and broadband radiances over various known scenes. The latter constitutes the link between the ERBE and the ISCCP.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: FIRE Science Results 1988; p 123-127
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Downward longwave radiation at the surface from satellite measurements (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A new technique is presented for generating downward longwave flux at the earth's surface from satellite meteorological data and a radiative transfer model. The technique was tested by using TIROS-N data from 41 passes over a ground site covering a period of one month. Satellite-derived fluxes were compared with those measured by a ground-based pyrgeometer during each overpass. The standard error of the satellite-derived fluxes relative to the mean ground-measured values was found to be 6.5 percent.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 22; 1956-196
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  • 5
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    A robust pseudo-inverse spectral filter applied to the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanning channels (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Computer simulations of a least squares estimator operating on the ERBE scanning channels are discussed. The estimator is designed to minimize the errors produced by nonideal spectral response to spectrally varying and uncertain radiant input. The three ERBE scanning channels cover a shortwave band a longwave band and a ""total'' band from which the pseudo inverse spectral filter estimates the radiance components in the shortwave band and a longwave band. The radiance estimator draws on instantaneous field of view (IFOV) scene type information supplied by another algorithm of the ERBE software, and on a priori probabilistic models of the responses of the scanning channels to the IFOV scene types for given Sun scene spacecraft geometry. It is found that the pseudoinverse spectral filter is stable, tolerant of errors in scene identification and in channel response modeling, and, in the absence of such errors, yields minimum variance and essentially unbiased radiance estimates.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-85781 , NAS 1.15:85781
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  • 6
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    Estimation of clear-sky insolation using satellite and ground meteorological data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Ground based pyranometer measurements were combined with meteorological data from the Tiros N satellite in order to estimate clear-sky insolations at five U.S. sites for five weeks during the spring of 1979. The estimates were used to develop a semi-empirical model of clear-sky insolation for the interpretation of input data from the Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS). Using only satellite data, the estimated standard errors in the model were about 2 percent. The introduction of ground based data reduced errors to around 1 percent. It is shown that although the errors in the model were reduced by only 1 percent, TOVS data products are still adequate for estimating clear-sky insolation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Atmospheric Radiation; Oct 31, 1983 - Nov 04, 1983; Baltimore, MD
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Longwave radiative transfer in the atmosphere (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The reported investigation had the objective to develop an accurate radiative transfer model for the thermal infrared region using a quasi-random band model. It is intended to use this model to examine the sensitivity of the outgoing radiance and flux density to the perturbations of such meteorological parameters as the surface emittance and temperature, atmospheric water vapor distribution, cloud altitude and fractional cover, and the concentrations of other infrared active constituents. The outgoing infrared flux and limb darkening functions obtained from this model agree well with the satellite measured data. Important sensitivity parameters obtained agree with the results of the various empirical and theoretical models. It is concluded that the effect of cloud depth should be taken into account to obtain better agreement with the measured limb darkening functions.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Atmospheric Radiation; Jun 28, 1978 - Jun 30, 1978; Davis, CA
    Format: text
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