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  • 1
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    Frequency of extreme summer heat [Physical Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: Rhines and Huybers (1) are correct that the decreasing number of measurement stations in recent years contributed slightly to our calculated increase of extreme summer mean temperature anomalies (2). However, the increased frequency of extreme heat anomalies is accounted for mainly by (i) higher mean temperature of recent decades relative...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Human-made role in local temperature extremes [Physical Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-24
    Description: Stone et al. (1) find that their analysis is unable to show a causal relation of local temperature anomalies, such as in Texas in 2011, with global warming. It was because of limitations in such local analyses that we reframed the problem in our report (2), separating the task of...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Mount Agung eruption provides test of a global climate perturbation (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The Mt. Agung volcanic eruption in 1963 is used as a test case to examine the climatic response to a global-scale radiative perturbation of the earth's atmosphere.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 165-169
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Preliminary test of a coarse resolution GCM for climate application (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Preliminary steps were taken to develop a climate model adequate for seasonal and interannual simulations. Tests of the model against the observed seasonal cycle of key climate properties indicate an encouraging capability for climate applications.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 183-187
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Potential evapotranspiration and the likelihood of future drought (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The possibility that the greenhouse warming predicted by the GISS general-circulation model and other GCMs could lead to severe droughts is investigated by means of numerical simulations, with a focus on the role of potential evapotranspiration E(P). The relationships between precipitation (P), E(P), soil moisture, and vegetation changes in GCMs are discussed; the empirically derived Palmer drought-intensity index and a new supply-demand index (SDDI) based on changes in P - E(P) are described; and simulation results for the period 1960-2060 are presented in extensive tables, graphs, and computer-generated color maps. Simulations with both drought indices predict increasing drought frequency for the U.S., with effects already apparent in the 1990s and a 50-percent frequency of severe droughts by the 2050s. Analyses of arid periods during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are shown to support the use of the SDDI in GCM drought prediction.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 9983-100
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Efficient three-dimensional global models for climate studies - Models I and II (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Climate modeling based on numerical solution of the fundamental equations for atmospheric structure and motion permits the explicit modeling of physical processes in the climate system and the natural treatment of interactions and feedbacks among parts of the system. The main difficulty concerning this approach is related to the computational requirements. The present investigation is concerned with the development of a grid-point model which is programmed so that both horizontal and vertical resolutions can easily be changed. Attention is given to a description of Model I, the performance of sensitivity experiments by varying parameters, the definition of an improved Model II, and a study of the dependence of climate simulation on resolution with Model II. It is shown that the major features of global climate can be simulated reasonably well with a horizontal resolution as coarse as 1000 km. Such a resolution allows the possibility of long-range climate studies with moderate computer resources.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 111; April 19
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  • 7
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    Mount Agung eruption provides test of global climatic perturbation (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Mount Agung volcanic eruption in 1963 provides the best-documented global radiative perturbation to the earth's atmosphere currently available. Data on stratospheric aerosols produced by this eruption have been used as input to a model for the atmospheric thermal structure. The computed magnitude, sign, and phase lag of the temperature changes in both the stratosphere and the troposphere are in good agreement with observations, providing evidence that the climatic response to a global radiative perturbation is significant as well as support for the use of theoretical models to predict climatic effects.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Science; 199; Mar. 10
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Numerical experiments on short-term meteorological effects on solar variability (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A set of numerical experiments was conducted to test the short-range sensitivity of a large atmospheric general circulation model to changes in solar constant and ozone amount. On the basis of the results of 12-day sets of integrations with very large variations in these parameters, it is concluded that realistic variations would produce insignificant meteorological effects. Any causal relationships between solar variability and weather, for time scales of two weeks or less, rely upon changes in parameters other than solar constant or ozone amounts, or upon mechanisms not yet incorporated in the model.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 199-211
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Scattering by randomly oriented ellipsoids: Application to aerosol and cloud problems (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A program was developed for computing the scattering and absorption by arbitrarily oriented and randomly oriented prolate and oblate spheroids. This permits examination of the effect of particle shape for cases ranging from needles through spheres to platelets. Applications of this capability to aerosol and cloud problems are discussed. Initial results suggest that the effect of nonspherical particle shape on transfer of radiation through aerosol layers and cirrus clouds, as required for many climate studies, can be readily accounted for by defining an appropriate effective spherical particle radius.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 4th NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 265-269
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  • 10
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    21 Layer troposphere-stratosphere climate model (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The global climate model is extended through the stratosphere by increasing the vertical resolution and raising the rigid model top to the 0.01 mb (75 km) level. The inclusion of a realistic stratosphere is necessary for the investigation of the climate effects of stratospheric perturbations, such as changes of ozone, aerosols or solar ultraviolet irradiance, as well as for studying the effect on the stratosphere of tropospheric climate changes. The observed temperature and wind patterns throughout the troposphere and stratosphere are simulated. In addition to the excess planetary wave amplitude in the upper stratosphere, other model deficiences include the Northern Hemisphere lower stratospheric temperatures being 5 to 10 C too cold in winter at high latitudes and the temperature at 50 to 60 km altitude near the equator are too cold. Methods of correcting these deficiencies are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-86183 , NAS 1.15:86183 , GNC84-027
    Format: application/pdf
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