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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (9)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (1)
  • 1
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    Measurements of wind vectors, eddy momentum transports, and energy conversions in Jupiter's atmosphere from Voyager 1 images (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Voyager 1 narrow-angle images were used to obtain displacements of features down to 100 to 200 km in size over intervals of 10 hours. A global map of velocity vectors and longitudinally averaged zonal wind vectors as functions of the latitude, is presented and discussed
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 7; Jan. 198
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Flow fields within Jupiter's Great Red Spot and White Oval BC (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Voyager 1 high-resolution images of Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS) and White Oval BC are used to map flow fields within these two areas. The relative vorticity is computed as a function of semi-major axis length and position angle in a coordinate system consisting of concentric ellipses of equal eccentricity. Wind speeds of 110-120 m/s are observed near the outer edge of both features, and along their minor axes relative vorticity profiles reach a maximum of 0.00006/s. Maximum Rossby numbers of 0.36 are computed for flows within both features, and are found to be low, indicating geostrophic constraints on the flow. The difference in streamline curvature within the GRS and the Oval BC is found to compensate for the difference in planetary vorticity at the respective latitudes of the features. Finally, motions within the central region of the GRS are slower and more random than around the spot's outer portion.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Sept. 30
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  • 3
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    Interaction of eddies and mean zonal flow on Jupiter as inferred from Voyager 1 and 2 images (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Voyagers 1 and 2 narrow angle frames are used to obtain displacements of features at resolutions of 130 km over time intervals of 1 Jovian rotation. It is shown that the mean zonal velocity profile does not change by a measurable amount between Voyagers 1 and 2, which is consistent with previous observations. It is also shown that the curvature of the velocity profile vanes varies with latitudes in the range from -3 beta to +2 beta. The barotropic stability criterion is violated at 10 latitudes between + and - 60 deg, and the rate of conversion of eddy kinetic energy into zonal mean kinetic energy is in the range from 1.5 to 3.0 per sq Wm for a layer 2.5 bar deep. The rate of energy conversion is more than 10% of the total infrared heat flux for Jupiter, as compared to the earth where it is only 0.1% of the infrared, which suggests that the two planets possess fundamentally different thermomechanical energy cycles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Sept. 30
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Jovian cloud structure and velocity fields (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A global view of Jovian small-scale morphologies and zonal velocity profiles has been discussed previously. In the present paper, a regional comparison is made of the structures and velocity fields (meridional and zonal velocities) in the Jovian atmosphere as observed by Voyager I imaging system. The cloud structures discussed are fairly independent of the visual wavelength. The analysis shows that although both Jovian hemispheres exhibit similar patterns of diminishing and alternating eastward and westward jets as one progresses polewards, there is a pronounced asymmetry in the structural appearance of the two hemispheres.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 280; Aug. 30
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Zonal velocity and texture in the Jovian atmosphere inferred from Voyager images (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Smith et al. (1970) have described Jupiter's changing appearance at resolutions down to 10 km over intervals as small as 1 h. Examples of small-scale convection, rapid variations of features, and complex interactions of closed vortices were given. In the present paper, these results are extended to include measurements of the latitudinal profile of zonal (eastward) velocity, from which the absolute vorticity gradient is estimated. Also, a classification scheme based on texture (i.e., the patterns of small features visible at resolutions of 100 km or better) is proposed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 280; Aug. 30
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  • 6
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    The nature of large-scale turbulence in the Jovian atmosphere (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The energetics and spectral characteristis of quasi-geostrophic turbulence in Jupiter's atmosphere are examined using sequences of Voyager images and infrared temperature soundings. Using global wind measurements momentum transports associated with zonally symmetric stresses and turbulent stresses are quantified. Though a strong up-gradient flux of momentum by eddies was observed, measurements do not preclude the possibility that symmetric stresses play a critical role in maintaining the mean zonal circulation. Strong correlation between the observed meridional distribution of eddy-scale kinetic energy and available potential energy suggests coupling between the observed cloudtop turbulent motions and the upper tropospheric thermodynamics. An Oort energy budget for Jupiter's upper troposphere is formulated.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-169138 , JPL-PUBL-82-34 , NAS 1.26:169138
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    An operational satellite scatterometer for wind vector measurements over the ocean (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Performance requirements and design characteristics of a microwave scatterometer wind sensor for measuring surface winds over the oceans on a global basis are described. Scatterometer specifications are developed from user requirements of wind vector measurement range and accuracy, swath width, resolution cell size and measurement grid spacing. A detailed analysis is performed for a baseline fan-beam scatterometer design, and its performance capabilities for meeting the SeaSat-A user requirements. Various modes of operation are discussed which will allow the resolution of questions concerning the effects of sea state on the scatterometer wind sensing ability and to verify design boundaries of the instrument.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-72672
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Early meteorological results from the Viking 2 lander (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Early results from the meteorological instruments on the Viking 2 lander are presented. As on lander 1, the daily patterns of temperature, wind, and pressure have been highly repetitive during the early summer period. The average daily maximum temperature was 241 K and the diurnal minimum was 191 K. The wind has a vector mean of 0.7 meter per second from the southeast with a diurnal amplitude of 3 meters per second. Pressure exhibits both diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations, although of substantially smaller amplitude than those of lander 1. Departures from the repetitive diurnal patterns begin to appear on sol 37.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 194; Dec. 17
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  • 9
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    Encounter with Saturn - Voyager 1 imaging science results (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: As Voyager 1 flew through the Saturn system it returned photographs revealing many new and surprising characteristics of this complicated community of bodies. Saturn's atmosphere has numerous, low-contrast, discrete cloud features and a pattern of circulation significantly different from that of Jupiter. Titan is shrouded in a haze layer that varies in thickness and appearance. Among the icy satellites there is considerable variety in density, albedo, and surface morphology and substantial evidence for endogenic surface modification. Trends in density and crater characteristics are quite unlike those of the Galilean satellites. Small inner satellites, three of which were discovered in Voyager images, interact gravitationally with one another and with the ring particles in ways not observed elsewhere in the solar system. Saturn's broad A, B, and C rings contain hundreds of 'ringlets', and in the densest portion of the B ring there are numerous nonaxisymmetric features. The narrow F ring has three components which, in at least one instance, are kinked and crisscrossed. Two rings are observed beyond the F ring, and material is seen between the C ring and the planet.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 212; Apr. 10
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Large-scale turbulence in the Jovian atmosphere (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Voyager 1 and 2 image pairs taken one rotation period (10 hr) apart are analyzed in order to compute average cloud velocities in the Jovian atmosphere, as well as to study the global energetics of the processes, in particular the sign and the magnitude of the energy transfer from the fluctuating to the mean flow. Particular attention is paid to the Great Red Spot phenomenon; it is suggested to have originated as a small vortex extracting energy from the surrounding flow. Since the eddy, presently in its near-equilibrium state, has reached a considerable size, while the mean shear lies close to that of a neutrally stable profile, it can be concluded that the presence of one large eddy precludes the growth of any others in the depleted mean shear.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Turbulence and chaotic phenomena in fluids; Sep 05, 1983 - Sep 10, 1983; Kyoto; Japan
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