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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (23)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (2)
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Years
  • 1
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    Comparison of wind speed measurements over the oceans with the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager and the Geosat altimeter (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In order to compare wind speed estimates from the Geosat altimeter and the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I), 25 colocated passes, within 2 hours of each other, were selected and the SSM/I estimates of wind speed and atmospheric parameters extracted along the Geosat track. Both instruments and their algorithms are described. A statistical comparison of wind speed estimates is presented and the effects of the atmospheric parameters from Geosat are analyzed. Quasi-simultaneous measurements by Geosat and SSM/I, along a Geosat track in the North-East Pacific, are also presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Washington Univ., Microwave Radiometer Studies of Atmospheric Water Over the Oceans, Volume 2; p 57-61
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  • 2
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    Satellite-derived surface latent heat fluxes in a rapidly intensifying marine cyclone (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Surface latent heat fluxes are estimated in the vicinity of a rapidly deepening cyclone before and during its period of most rapid intensification. This was done with a bulk parameterization scheme and remotely sensed input data. A method is studied for estimating the difference in specific humidity between the surface and a ten meter height using the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) observed integrated water vapor field and a sea surface temperature analysis. The surface latent heat flux fields generally have estimated errors below 40 pct. south of 40 deg. N and outside the region of high integrated water vapor values associated with frontal bands. The method of estimating surface latent heat fluxes for the case study was found to be usable in most regions of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean except for those locations directly adjacent to coastlines in instances of offshore flow and in the vicinity of surface fronts.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Microwave Radiometer Studies of Atmospheric Water Over the Oceans, Volume 1; p 1-40
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  • 3
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    A cold air outbreak over the Norwegian Sea observed with the Tiros-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) and the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Until recently, the scarcity of meteorological observations over polar areas has limited studies of high latitude weather systems, but now data from polar orbiting satellites offer a new opportunity to observe and describe these systems. TOVS data were used successfully for delineating synoptic and subsynoptic systems since they provide the vertical temperature structure of the atmosphere: SSM/I observations have proved valuable for analyzing storms through water vapor and rain determinations. These positive results prompted us to analyze simultaneous TOVS and SSM/I observations obtained during a cold air outbreak over the Norwegian Sea. After a description of the instruments and the retrieval schemes, the mutually supporting information from these two independent instruments is discussed. Implications for the monitoring of polar lows are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Microwave Radiometer Studies of Atmospheric Water Over the Oceans, Volume 1; p 41-81
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  • 4
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    Microwave radiometer studies of atmospheric water over the oceans, volume 1 (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Since Seasat carried the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) into space, shortly followed by the SMMR on Nimbus 7, a new type of data source on atmospheric water vapor and other meteorological parameters has been available for analysis of weather systems over the ocean. Since 1987, the Scanning Multichannel Microwave/Imager (SMM/I) has provided similar data. A collection of work using this data is presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-190342 , NAS 1.26:190342
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  • 5
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    Microwave radiometry for monitoring the diverse cloudiness regimes on Earth: A review (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Recent work concerning the use of microwave radiometers in space to provide views of the water content of clouds is reported. Recently, theoretical algorithms were refined and the sampling by microwave radiometers for polar orbiting satellite became more commensurate in resolution and coverage with the scale of the meteorological phenomena. Parameters available from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) include total integrated water vapor (kg/sq m), integrated cloud liquid water (kg/sq m), rain rate (mm/hr), and an index for the presence and concentration of large ice particles; this so called scattering index can also be converted to a rain rate, although conversion is still rather uncertain. The hydrologic aspects of climatically important cloud systems on the Earth such as subtropical stratus decks, tropical convection, and midlatitude and polar cyclone can thus be monitored with the SSM/I parameters. The diagnostic as well as prognostic potential of these satellite derived water content properties of cloud systems are also discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: ESA, Environment Observation and Climate Modelling Through International Space Projects. Volume 1: Remote Sensing for Global Change, Climate Change and Atmosphere and Ocean Forecasting; p 163-168
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  • 6
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    Morning-evening differences in global and regional oceanic precipitation as observed by the SSM/I (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: For the present preliminary analysis of oceanic rainfall statistics, global oceanic SSM/I data were simply scanned for pixels which exhibited a 37 GHz polarization difference (vertically polarized brightness temperatures minus horizontally polarized brightness temperatures) of less than 15 K. Such a low polarization difference over the open ocean is a completely unambiguous indication of moderate to intense precipitation. Co-located brightness temperatures from all seven channels of the SSM/I were saved for each pixel so identified. Bad scans and geographically mislocated block of data were objectively identified and removed from the resulting data base. We collected global oceanic rainfall data for two time periods, each one month in length. The first period (20 July-19 August 1987) coincides with the peak of the Northern Hemisphere summer. The second period (13 January-12 February 1988) coincides with the Northern Hemisphere winter.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Washington Univ., Microwave Radiometer Studies of Atmospheric Water Over the Oceans, Volume 2; p 62-65
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  • 7
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    Microwave radiometer studies of atmospheric water over the oceans, volume 2 (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Since the Seasat carried the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) into space in July of 1978, shortly followed by the SMMR on Nimbus 7, which operated for almost a decade, a new type of data source on atmospheric water vapor and other meteorological parameters has been available for analysis of weather systems over the ocean. Since 1987, we have had the Scanning Multichannel Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument on Defense Meteorological Satellites providing similar data. We present a collection of our work performed over the last years of the study.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-190343 , NAS 1.26:190343
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  • 8
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    Morning-evening differences in global and regional oceanic precipitation as observed by the SSM/I (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: For the present preliminary analysis of oceanic rainfall statistics, global oceanic SSM/I data were simply scanned for pixels which exhibited a 37 GHz polarization difference (vertically polarized brightness temperatures minus horizontally polarized brightness temperatures) of less than 15 K. Such a low polarization difference over the open ocean is a completely unambiguous indication of moderate to intense precipitation. Co-located brightness temperatures from all seven channels of the SSM/I were saved for each pixel so identified. Bad scans and geographically mislocated block of data were objectively identified and removed from the resulting data base. We collected global oceanic rainfall data for two time periods, each one month in length. The first period (20 July-19 August 1987) coincides with the peak of the Northern Hemisphere summer. The second period (13 January-12 February 1988) coincides with the Northern Hemisphere winter.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: In: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 6th, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 5-10, 1992, Preprints (A93-36051 14-47); p. 282-285.
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  • 9
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    New geophysical algorithms for the special sensor microwave imager (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: A unified set of algorithms for the estimation of atmospheric parameters over the ocean is assembled, making it possible to apply data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) to case studies of weather systems over the ocean. The problems of sensor resolution and cross-parameter contamination are examined. The usefulness of the algorithms for obtaining the surface-wind-speed fields, integrated water vapor, cloud liquid water, and precipitation from SSM/I brightness temperature data over the ocean is demonstrated.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sept. 3-7, 1990; London; United Kingdom
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  • 10
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    Nimbus 7 SMMR precipitation observations calibrated against surface radar during TAMEX (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: This paper compares recent (Petty and Katsaros, 1990) satellite passive microwave observations of tropical cloud clusters over the South China Sea, using the 37-GHz channels of the Nimbus-7 SMMR, to the surface digital radar observations of oceanic precipitation during the Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment (TAMEX) conducted in May and June, 1987 (Kuo and Chen, 1990). The data confirm the existence of useful statistical relationships between surface rainfall parameters and satellite microwave observations. It is suggested that the approach applied in this study can be expanded to include other microwave frequencies (for example, the 19- and 85-GHz channels of the SSM/I)
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sept. 3-7, 1990; London; United Kingdom
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