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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (426)
  • 1985-1989  (426)
  • 1
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    Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes along the east coast of the United States (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A magnetic direction-finding network for the detection of lightning cloud-to-ground strikes has been installed along the east coast of the United States. Most of the lightning occurring from Maine to Florida and as far west as Ohio is detected. Time, location, flash polarity, stroke count, and peak signal amplitude are recorded in real time. Flash locations, time, and polarity are displayed routinely for research and operational purposes. Flash density maps have been generated for the summers of 1983 and 1984, when the network only extended to North Carolina, and show density maxima in northern Virginia and Maryland.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Possible seasonal variability of mesospheric water vapor (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Ground-based spectral line measurements of the 22.2 GHz water vapor line in atmospheric emission were made at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which have been used to deduce the mesospheric water vapor profile. The measurements were made nearly continuously in the spring and early summer of 1984. The results indicate a temporal increase in the water vapor mixing ratio in the upper mesosphere from April through June. At 75 km, this increase is nearly by a factor of 2. Comparison of the present results with the results of a similar series of measurements made at the Haystack (radio astronomy) Observatory indicate that this temporal increase is part of a seasonal variation.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 12; 397-400
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Identification of vortex-induced clear air turbulence using airline flight records (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 22; 124-129
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    The Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere during August and September 1987 - Analyses based on the United Kingdom Meteorological Office Global Model (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a series of meteorological analyses used to aid the interpretation of the in situ Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (AAOE) observations obtained aboard the ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft and examines the basis and accuracy of the analytical procedure. Maps and sections of meteorological variables derived from the UK Meteorological Office Global Model are presented for ER-2 and DC-8 flight days. It is found that analyzed temperatures and winds are generally in good agreement with AAOE observations at all levels; minor discrepancies were evident only at DC-8 altitudes. Maps of potential vorticity presented on the 428-K potential temperature surface show that the vortex is essentially circumpolar, although there are periods when major distortions are apparent.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16847-16
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Remote sensing of severe convective storms (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The Tibet Plateau significantly affects the initiation and development of heavy rainfall and severe storms in China, just as the Rocky Mountains influence local severe storms in the United States. The study shows that the heavy rainfall in the Plateau area is usually preceded by a high growth rate of the convective clouds, followed by a rapid collapse of the cloud top. The study also shows that the tops of the convective clouds associated with heavy rainfall over the Plateau usually lie between the altitude of the two tropopauses which exist over the Plateau. There is good agreement between the collapsing of the cloud as observed from the satellite imagery, and the beginning of the rainfall observed by the ground stations and also between the dissipation of the cloud observed from the satellite infrared imagery, and the ending of the rainfall, observed by the ground stations. Comparison of the volumetric dissipation of clouds per unit area over the location of the ground station with the rainfall recorded at that station shows a linear relationship for rainfall mounts exceeding 8 mm. The ratio of observed rainfall at the ground station over the satellite observed cloud volume dissipation per unit area was also computed. The result shows that the ratio is almost constant with the value of 9.55 mm/(pixel . km/pixel) for rainfall amounts exceeding 15 mm; and the variation is less then 10 percent for rainfall mounts between 8 and 15 mm. Needless to say, further investigation is required to verify this ratio.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA(MSFC FY-85 Atmospheric Processes Research Review; 3 p
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Severe storm detection with passive 37 GHz observations (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The research objective was to determine the information content of satellite passive 37 GHz brightness temperatures on the severity of thunderstorms through the measurement of the attenuation (scattering) signature of precipitation. The severe storm detection potential of satellite-observed passive 37 GHz radiances was evaluated by comparing Nimbus-7 Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) data to reports of severe weather contained in the NSSFC severe weather log for calendar years 1979 and 1980 over the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Heavy thunderstorms have a characteristic signature in the form of localized very low 37 GHz T sub B from scattering by precipitation-size ice particles (thick cirrus being transparent at this frequency). The local noon and midnight snapshots taken by the SMMR on alternating days (with incomplete areal coverage of the U.S. on any given day) were scanned to find cases of strong scattering by precipitation, revealed by large differences between the 18 and 37 GHz brightness temperatures, the 37 GHz T sub B being at least 20 C lower than the 18 GHz T sub B. The value of the 37 GHz T sub b was then compared to severe weather reports within one hour of the SMMR observation time, in the vicinity of the SMMR-observed storm. It was found that the degree to which the T sub B were lowered was a fairly good indicator of the probability that the storm was severe. Of 263 storms observed by the SMMR during 1979 and 1980, 54 percent had severe weather associated with them for a T sub b below 203 K, while 8 percent of those above this threshold were severe.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA(MSFC FY-85 Atmospheric Processes Research Review; 2 p
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Observational and theoretical studies of the evolving structure of baroclinic waves: Attractor dynamics of global weather systems (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Significant progress was made in developing a six-component dry model of mid-latitude baroclinic wave evolution, and a ten-component moist model. These models include representations of airflow over mountians and non-adiabatic processes. As a first step, the properties of a reduced, three component, baroclinic system are studied. The classical baroclinic stability criteria emerge as the properties of one of the three equilibria admitted, with the remaining two equilibria forming the attractor region for the observed weather activity. Passive tracer evolution in a baroclinic wave was studied. A model in which only constituents trapped within low atmospheric levels are considered, has been extended to include the possibility for fluxes into the upper levels of the atmosphere. The reported results for the lower levels achieved previously are shown to be qualitatively similar to those obtained by these new calculations in which the vertical flux constraint is removed. An extensive study of an 8-year record of global outgoing longwave radiation for the Northern Hemisphere reveals that blocking events exhibit only a weak signature of blocking highs, as measured by relatively low values of the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value of the observed long wave outgoing radiation. Though present in many cases, the signature is not a strongly distinctive feature of the blocking episodes.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA(MSFC FY-85 Atmospheric Processes Research Review; 2 p
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Diurnal and spatial variability of lightning activity in northeastern Colorado and central Florida during the summer (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Lightning location data from northeastern Colorado and central Florida for the summer months of 1983 have been studied to ascertain the diurnal development of spatial distributions of flash frequencies. The data sources are discussed, and for both investigated regions, the regional geographic and climatic characteristics, the day-to-day variability of lightning activity, the diurnal cycle over the entire region, the spatial distribution of lightning activity, the diurnal changes of spatial distribution, and the diurnal variation of lightning at individual sites are described in detail. In both regions, the time and space distributions of lightning are modulated by the topographic features and the contrasts of the terrain. Lightning activity is a relatively rare and variable phenomenon in both regions when day-to-day frequencies are considered. There thus must be meteorological parameters that determine the extent and frequency of lightning occurrence.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 114; 1288-131
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Horizontal mixing coefficients for two-dimensional chemical models calculated from National Meteorological Center Data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Calculations of the two-dimensional, species-independent mixing coefficients for two-dimensional chemical models for the troposphere and stratosphere are performed using quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity fluxes and gradients from 4 years of National Meteorological Center data for the four seasons in both hemispheres. Results show that the horizontal mixing coefficient values for the winter lower stratosphere are broadly consistent with those currently employed in two-dimensional models, but the horizontal mixing coefficient values in the northern winter upper stratosphere are much larger than those usually used.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 7919-792
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Observations and mechanisms of GATE waterspouts (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The present numerical and observational investigation of interacting cumulus processes implicated in the formation of waterspouts, the GATE database for days 261 and 186 is noted to imply that the existence of cumulus-scale parent vortices is a necessary (albeit not sufficient) condition for the production of waterspouts. A high resolution version of the Schlessinger (1975) three-dimensional cumulus model with a Kessler (1969) type precipitation scheme is used to analyze cumulus-scale vorticity organization, which on the two days in question exhibited contrasting thermal stratification and cloud features. The observations from both days suggest that the waterspouts formed ahead of the wind shift, due to the passage of a gust front.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 43; 753-782
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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