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  • 1
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    Investigations of severe/tornadic thunderstorm development and evolution based on satellite and AVE/SESAME/VAS data (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Development of cloud relative tracking for severe thunderstorm identification and the beginning of the development of mesoscale airmass characteristics based on vertical atmospheric sounding data were accomplished.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center NASA(MSFC FY-85 Atmospheric Processes Research Review; 4 p
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Satellite contributions to convective scale weather analysis and forecasting (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Severe weather phenomena which are amenable to remote sensing by satellite instruments and having resolution fine enough to discern mesoscale features are described. GOES satellites acquire imagery with 1 km resolution in the visible band and 8 km at IR wavelengths. Animation of the images allows tracking the evolution and motions of clouds, which are the prime indicators of convective activity. Sample satellite imagery of sea, lake and river breezes which reveal differential heating processes, the effect of early morning cloud cover, thunderstorm outflow processes, and mesoscale convective systems are provided. Techniques for analyzing the satellite data to predict the onset of severe weather are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 3
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    Use of VAS data to diagnose the mesoscale environment of convective storms (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The utility of VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) retrieval datasets for mesoscale analysis is explored. A detailed mesoscale air mass analysis method is presented in which VAS soundings, satellite imagery, and conventional surface data are used to diagnose mesoscale differences in air mass character. Comparisons are made with radiosonde observations of the same air mass differences. A mesoscale air mass analysis is presented with a discussion of the role that the various air masses play in subsequent convective development. In a second technique, several VAS-derived thermodynamic parameters, such as positive and negative buoyant energy, are shown to be well suited to operational forecasting of convective storm development and evolution. The derivation of these parameters and their applications in forecasting are illustrated.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Weather and Forecasting (ISSN 0882-8156); 3; 33-49
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  • 4
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    Using satellite data to aid in diagnosing and forecasting convective development and intensity along arc cloud lines (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The convective scale interactions associated with the arc cloud line are studied using GOES data. Studies of convective scale interactions are reviewed and the convective scale interaction phenomena is described. The use of satellite data in nowcasting and forecasting convective storms is discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Feb 01, 1988 - Feb 05, 1988; Anaheim, CA; United States
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  • 5
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    Spatial and temporal variability of VAS radiance measurements by structure and correlation analysis (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The statistical structure function analysis presently applied to VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) measurements has been extended to include time, and yields structure plots in either two spatial dimensions or one spatial dimension and time that indicate three-dimensional measurement variability. The analyses that include time as a coordinate also yield an indication of the mean speed and direction of the analyzed data. Results for three-hourly VAS data indicate that sampling at a high, approximately 1-hour, frequency is required in order to correctly monitor VAS measurements' temporal variability in a way equivalent to high spatial resolution.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Feb 01, 1988 - Feb 05, 1988; Anaheim, CA; United States
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  • 6
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    Better understanding of intense and tornadic thunderstorms through research using geostationary satellite data (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of satellite data to study convective storm behavior and better understand intense and tornadic storm development is discussed. The influence of terrain and cloud cover on thunderstorm development, the life cycle and dynamics of the arc cloud line, and the difference in the thermodynamic characteristics of the air into which it advances are examined. The properties of convective-scale interaction are outlined, and the way in which severe convective storms can be isolated using satellite imagery is described. Examples of studies of severe convective and tornadic storms using GOES imagery are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment; Oct 26, 1987 - Oct 30, 1987; Ann Arbor, MI; United States
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  • 7
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    Dynamics of convective scale interaction (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Several of the mesoscale dynamic and thermodynamic aspects of convective scale interaction are examined. An explanation of how sounding data can be coupled with satellite observed cumulus development in the warm sector and the arc cloud line's time evolution to develop a short range forecast of expected convective intensity along an arc cloud line. The formative, mature and dissipating stages of the arc cloud line life cycle are discussed. Specific properties of convective scale interaction are presented and the relationship between arc cloud lines and tornado producing thunderstorms is considered.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Severe Local Storms; Feb 22, 1988 - Feb 26, 1988; Baltimore, MD; United States
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  • 8
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    Evaluation of cloud shading effects on the generation and modification of mesoscale circulations (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This study presents scale analysis and numerical model evaluations of the impact of cloud shading on (1) the development of sea breeze and thermally induced upslope flows and (2) the generation of mesoscale circulations between cloudy areas adjacent to clear areas. Based on the assumption of modifications of solar and longwave radiation which are typical for some overcast conditions, it was found that the reduction in the first type of circulation is significant and most noticeable in the vertical velocities. In the second case, thermally induced circulations in favorable conditions appear to approach the typical intensity of the sea breeze.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 114; 1201-121
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  • 9
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    Downward longwave surface radiation from sun-synchronous satellite data - Validation of methodology (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An extensive study has been carried out to validate a satellite technique for estimating downward longwave radiation at the surface. The technique, mostly developed earlier, uses operational sun-synchronous satellite data and a radiative transfer model to provide the surface flux estimates. The satellite-derived fluxes were compared directly with corresponding ground-measured fluxes at four different sites in the United States for a common one-year period. This provided a study of seasonal variations as well as a diversity of meteorological conditions. Dome heating errors in the ground-measured fluxes were also investigated and were corrected prior to the comparisons. Comparison of the monthly averaged fluxes from the satellite and ground sources for all four sites for the entire year showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a standard error of estimate of 10 W/sq m. A brief description of the technique is provided, and the results validating the technique are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 25; 1012-102
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  • 10
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    Reflection and emission models for deserts derived from Nimbus-7 ERB scanner measurements (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Broadband shortwave and longwave radiance measurements obtained from the Nimbus-7 Earth Radiation Budget scanner were used to develop reflectance and emittance models for the Sahara-Arabian, Gibson, and Saudi Deserts. The models were established by fitting the satellite measurements to analytic functions. For the shortwave, the model function is based on an approximate solution to the radiative transfer equation. The bidirectional-reflectance function was obtained from a single-scattering approximation with a Rayleigh-like phase function. The directional-reflectance model followed from integration of the bidirectional model and is a function of the sum and product of cosine solar and viewing zenith angles, thus satisfying reciprocity between these angles. The emittance model was based on a simple power-law of cosine viewing zenith angle.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 25; 196-202
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