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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (300)
  • 1985-1989  (300)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1
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    Dehydration in the lower Antarctic stratosphere during late winter and early spring, 1987 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The history of minimum temperatures at 50 and 70 mb is examined from NMC, UK Met O and ECMWF analyses. MSU channel 24 data are similarly inspected. South Pole sonde data are used to calculate saturation humidity mixing ratio as a function of altitude and time throughout 1987. Saturation with respect to ice could be maintained for water mixing ratios of 3.5 ppmv for a period of about 80 days from mid-June to mid-September. Dehydration to mixing ratios of 1 ppmv or less was possible sporadically. Data from the ER-2 flights between 53 S and 72 S are used in conjunction with particle size measurements and air parcel trajectories to demonstrate the dehydration occurring over Antarctica. Water mixing ratios at the latitude of Punta Arens (53 S), in conjunction with tracer measurements and trajectory analysis, show that at potential temperatures from about 325 to 400 K, the dryness (less than 3 ppmv) had its origin over Antarctica rather than in the tropics. Water mixing ratios within the Antarctic vortex varied from 1.5 to 3.8 ppmv, with a strong isentropic gradient being evident in the region of high potential vorticity gradients.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11317-11
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Site errors and detection efficiency in a magnetic direction-finder network for locating lightning strikes to ground (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (ISSN 0739-0572); 3; 67-74
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    ER-2 lidar observations from the October 1986 fire cirrus experiment (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A description of the ER-2 lidar data characteristics and available products, plus flight times and locations is presented for the FIRE cirrus experiment of October 13 through November 2, 1986. The CALS airborne lidar was flown for this experiment on the NASA ER-2 high altitude aircraft. The primary objectives of the CALS observations were to intensively measure cirrus cloud top height and structure for basic cirrus studies and for validation of satellite cloud retrievals.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-100704 , NAS 1.15:100704
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Cooperative VAS program with NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The importance of mesoscale moisture information in the forecasting of weather events is discussed. A test is being prepared with the March 6, 1982 Vertical Atmospheric Sounder/Atmospheric Variability Experiment (VAS/AVE) case study to be run on the sub-synoptic scale model (SSM). Model intracomparison of three carefully designed simulations should isolate the role of mesoscale information in the initial conditions for both mositure and vertical motion. Three simulations will be made for the period 1200Z 6 March to 0000Z 7 March starting with the regular synoptic time data of 1200Z. The distinction between the three cases arises from data manipulation at 1800Z midway through the forecast period: (1) Control Case: no alterations at 1800Z. (2) Moisture Information Suppression: at 1800Z the model simulation field for water vapor, which by this time contains considerable mesoscale structure, is replaced by a smoothed version from which the mesoscale structure has been eliminated. No other variables are structure altered. (3) Vertical Motion Information Suppression: at 1800Z the model is subjected to a dead start procedure which primarily imposes a nondivergent constraint of the horizontal motion field field suppressing vertical motion. The main effect is to eliminate the mesoscale component. Comparison of results for the 1800Z to 0000Z time period will give the information desired.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center NASA(MSFC FY-85 Atmospheric Processes Research Review; 2 p
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Severe storm electricity (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: During FY-85, Researchers conducted a field program and analyzed data. The field program incorporated coordinated measurements made with a NASA U2. Results include the following: (1) ground truth measurements of lightning for comparison with those obtained by the U2; (2) analysis of dual-Doppler radar and dual-VHF lightning mapping data from a supercell storm; (3) analysis of synoptic conditions during three simultaneous storm systems on 13 May 1983 when unusually large numbers of positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) flashes occurred; (4) analysis of extremely low frequency (ELF) wave forms; and (5) an assessment of a cloud -ground strike location system using a combination of mobile laboratory and fixed-base TV video data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center NASA(MSFC FY-85 Atmospheric Processes Research Review; 5 p
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  • 6
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    Analysis of cirrus from airborne lidar and radiometer observations (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Lidar and passive radiance sensing data on cirrus clouds gathered in instrumented high altitude aircraft flights are analyzed, with emphasis on cirrus emittance characteristics. The data were collected with a U-2 aircraft flying at about 19 km altitude. Lidar data defined the vertical structure of the cloud which, when combined with independent atmospheric temperature data, permitted radiance to be derived from thermal radiance data. Sample return lidar images are provided of cirrus and cirrostratus clouds, along with the calculated emittance data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Optimized retrievals of precipitable water fields from combinations of VAS satellite and conventional surface observations (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: VISSR (visible and infrared spin-scan radiometer) atmospheric sounder (VAS) radiances and conventional surface temperature and dewpoint data are used in several combinations within a regression approach to determine the optimum resolution and accuracy of precipitable water (PW) fields retrieved from satellite observations. Point retrievals at radiosonde stations are used to determine the numerical accuracy of each retrieval technique, and image sequences of the retrieved PW fields are used to determine the temporal stability and spatial coherence of mesoscale PW features. VAS channels 5, 6, 7, and 8 and the surface dewpoint contribute the most information to regression-based retrievals of PW. The most accurate PW retrievals are obtained when radiances are averaged to a resolution of 15 to 60 km. A physical 'split-window' approach provides better PW estimates than regression when only the 11- and 12-micron VAS channels are available or when radiosonde-based training is limited to only one time period.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 5305-531
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Can Milankovitch orbital variations initiate the growth of ice sheets in a general circulation model? (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The possibility of initiating the growth of ice sheets by solar insolation variations is examined. The study is conducted using a climate model with three different orbital configurations corresponding to 116,000 and 106,000 yr before the present and a modified insolation field with greater reductions in summer insolation at high northern latitudes. Despite the reduced summer and fall insolation, the model fails to maintain snow cover through the summer at locations of suspected ice sheet initiation. The results suggest that there is a discrepancy between the model's response to Milankovitch perturbations and the geophysical evidence of ice sheet initiation. If the model results are correct, the growth of ice shown by geophysical evidence would have occurred in an extremely ablative environment, demanding a complicated strategy.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 12851-12
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Lidar observations of the fine-scale variability of marine stratocumulus clouds (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An Nd:YAG lidar system was flown aboard NASA's ER-2 high altitude aircraft. Observations of cloud top height were made with 70 m along-track and 7.5 m vertical-height resolution. The lidar data observed from an East Pacific stratocumulus cloud height deck revealed large cloud variability on 1-5 km scales. The cloud deck sloped upward from 700 to 1000 m in a northeast-southwest direction over a distance of 120 km. Vertical cloud top distributions were negatively skewed indicating flat-topped clouds. The dominant spectral peak of the cloud top variations was found at 4.5 km, which is 5 to 7 times the depth of the local boundary layer. No other peaks were significant in the average spectrum. The cloud layer was stable with respect to cloud top entrainment instability. The southwestern region of the study area was more prone to shear instability at cloud top than the northeastern region. The results of this study show that a lidar system is ideal to provide the topography of clouds and local boundary layer depth. This information is useful in the study of cloud top radiation and parameterization of clouds in numerical models.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 27; 797-810
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Lightning and related phenomena in isolated thunderstorms and squall line systems (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 22; 449-454
    Format: text
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