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  • 1
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    Frequency of extreme summer heat [Physical Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: Rhines and Huybers (1) are correct that the decreasing number of measurement stations in recent years contributed slightly to our calculated increase of extreme summer mean temperature anomalies (2). However, the increased frequency of extreme heat anomalies is accounted for mainly by (i) higher mean temperature of recent decades relative...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Human-made role in local temperature extremes [Physical Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-24
    Description: Stone et al. (1) find that their analysis is unable to show a causal relation of local temperature anomalies, such as in Texas in 2011, with global warming. It was because of limitations in such local analyses that we reframed the problem in our report (2), separating the task of...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Numerical experiments on short-term meteorological effects of solar variability (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Set of numerical experiments has been carried out to test the short range sensitivity of a large atmospheric general circulation model to changes in solar constant and ozone amount. On the basis of the results of 12-day integrations with very large variations in these parameters, it is concluded that realistic variations would produce insignificant meteorological effects. Thus any causal relationships between solar variability and weather, for time scales of two weeks or less, will have to rely upon changes in parameters other than solar constant or ozone amounts, or upon mechanisms not yet incorporated in the model.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 319-335
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    A parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation in the earth's atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method is described for rapidly computing the amount of solar energy absorbed at the earth's surface and in the atmosphere as a function of altitude. The method is a parametric treatment, but the form of the solution and the coefficients involved are based on accurate multiple-scattering computations. In this treatment the absorption varies with the amount and type of clouds, the humidity, the zenith angle of the sun, and the albedo of the earth's surface. Within the stratosphere the absorption also depends on the vertical distribution of ozone. This parameterization for solar radiation is being used in current versions of the global atmospheric circulation model developed at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 31; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    The GISS model of the global atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A description and numerical results are presented for a global atmospheric circulation model developed at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). The model version described is a 9-level primitive-equation model in sigma coordinates. It includes a realistic distribution of continents, oceans and topography. Detailed calculations of energy transfer by solar and terrestrial radiation make use of cloud and water vapor fields calculated by the model. The model hydrologic cycle includes two precipitation mechanisms: large-scale supersaturation and a parameterization of subgrid-scale cumulus convection. Results are presented both from a comparison of the 13th to the 43rd days (January) of one integration with climatological statistics, and from five short-range forecasting experiments. In the extended integration, the near-equilibrium January-mean model atmosphere exhibits an energy cycle in good agreement with observational estimates, together with generally realistic zonal mean fields of winds, temperature, humidity, transports, diabatic heating, evaporation, precipitation, and cloud cover.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 31; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Air-sea interaction in the tropical Pacific Ocean (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Charts of 3-month sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean were produced for the period 1949 to 1970. The anomalies along the United States and South American west coasts and in the eastern tropical Pacific appeared to be oscillating in phase during this period. Similarly, the satellite-derived cloudiness for each of four quadrants of the Pacific Ocean (130 deg E to 100 deg W, 30 deg N to 25 deg S) appeared to be oscillating in phase. In addition, a global tropical cloudiness oscillation from 30 deg N to 30 deg S was noted from 1965 to 1970, by using monthly satellite television nephanalyses. The SST anomalies were found to have a good degree of correlation both positive and negative with the following monthly geophysical parameters: (1) satellite-derived cloudiness, (2) strength of the North and South Pacific semipermanent anticyclones, (3) tropical Pacific island rainfall, and (4) Darwin surface pressure. Several strong direct local and crossequatorial relationships were noted. In particular, the high degree of correlation between the tropical island rainfall and the SST anomalies (r = +0.93) permitted the derivation of SST's for the tropical Pacific back to 1905. The close occurrence of cold tropical SST and North Pacific 700-mb positive height anomalies with central United States drought conditions was noted.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: NASA-TN-D-6684 , G-1042
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Multiple scattering of polarized light in planetary atmospheres. II - Sunlight reflected by terrestrial water clouds. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The intensity and polarization of sunlight reflected by terrestrial water clouds are computed with the doubling method. The calculations illustrate that this method can be effectively used in problems involving strongly anisotropic phase matrices. The method can, therefore, be used to derive information about planetary clouds, including those of the earth, from polarimetric observations. The results of the computations indicate that the polarization is more sensitive than the intensity to cloud microstructure, such as particle size and shape.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 28; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Near infrared light scattering by terrestrial clouds (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Near infrared light scattering by terrestrial clouds
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62906
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Multiple scattering of polarized light in planetary atmospheres. I - The doubling method (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Polarized light multiple scattering in planetary atmospheres, applying extended doubling method to realistic simulations with allowance for radiation polarization and azimuth dependence
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Near infrared light scattering by terrestrial clouds (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Comparing calculated and observed reflectivity for ice and water clouds
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62818
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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