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  • 1
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    Advanced EMU electrochemically regenerable CO2 and moisture absorber module breadboard (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The applicability of the Electrochemically Regenerable Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Absorption Technology to the advanced extravehicular mobility unit was demonstrated by designing, fabricating, and testing a breadboard Absorber Module and an Electrochemical Regenerator. Test results indicated that the absorber module meets or exceeds the carbon dioxide removal requirements specified for the design and can meet the moisture removal requirement when proper cooling is provided. CO2 concentration in the vent gas stream was reduced from 0.52 to 0.027 kPa (3.9 to 0.20 mm Hg) for the full five hour test period. Vent gas dew point was reduced from inlet values of 294 K (69 F) to 278 K (41 F) at the outlet. The regeneration of expended absorbent was achieved by the electrochemical method employed in the testing. An absorbent bed using microporous hydrophobic membrane sheets with circulating absorbent is shown to be the best approach to the design of an Absorber Module based on sizing and performance. Absorber Module safety design, comparison of various absorbents and their characteristics, moisture absorption and cooling study and subsystem design and operation time-lining study were also performed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-172054 , NAS 1.26:172054 , LSI-TR-769-4
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Electrochemically regenerable carbon dioxide/moisture control technology for an Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Regenerable CO2/moisture removal techniques that reduce the expendables and logistics requirements are needed to sustain people undertaking EVAs for the Space Station. Here, the development of electrochemically regenerable CO2 absorption (ERCA) technology to replace the nonregenerable LiOH absorber for the advanced Portable Life Support System (PLSS) is reported. During EVA the ERCA uses a mechanism involving gas absorption into a liquid absorbent for the removal and storage of the metabolically produced CO2 and moisture. Following the EVA, the expended absorbent is regenerated onboard the Space Station by an electrochemical CO2 concentrator. The ERCA concept has the ability to effectively satisfy the high metabolic CO2 and moisture removal requirements of PLSS applications. This paper defines the ERCA concept and its advantages for the PLSS application, reviews breadboard test data, and presents physical characteristics of the breadboard and projected flight hardware.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 871470
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Electrochemically regenerable metabolic CO2 and moisture control system for an advanced EMU application (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Regenerable CO2 and moisture removal techniques that reduce expendables and logistics requirements are needed to sustain people undertaking extravehicular activities for the Space Station. NASA has been investigating ways to advance the Electrochemically Regenerable CO2 and Moisture Absorption (ERCA) technology to replace the nonregenerable solid lithium hydroxide absorber for the advanced Portable Life Support System (PLSS). The ERCA technology, due to its use of liquid absorbent, has the ability to effectively satisfy the high metabolic CO2 and moisture removal requirements of PLSS applications. This paper defines the ERCA technology concept and its advantages for the PLSS application, reviews breadboard and subscale testdata and presents the results of design concepts for a prototype Absorber Module of improved performance and the physical characteristics of the projected flight hardware.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 881061
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Advancements in oxygen generation and humidity control by water vapor electrolysis (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Regenerative processes for the revitalization of manned spacecraft atmospheres or other manned habitats are essential for realization of long-term space missions. These processes include oxygen generation through water electrolysis. One promising technique of water electrolysis is the direct conversion of the water vapor contained in the cabin air to oxygen. This technique is the subject of the present program on water vapor electrolysis development. The objectives were to incorporate technology improvements developed under other similar electrochemical programs and add new ones; design and fabricate a mutli-cell electrochemical module and a testing facility; and demonstrate through testing the improvements. Each aspect of the water vapor electrolysis cell was reviewed. The materials of construction and sizing of each element were investigated analytically and sometime experimentally. In addition, operational considerations such as temperature control in response to inlet conditions were investigated. Three specific quantitative goals were established.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-172073 , NAS 1.26:172073 , LSI-TR-919-4A
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Evaluation of a spacecraft nitrogen generator (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A research and development program was successfully completed towards the development of a method of generating nitrogen for cabin leakage makeup aboard space vehicles. The nitrogen generation concept used liquid hydrazine as the stored form of nitrogen. This reduced tankage and expendables weight associated with high pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid nitrogen storage. The hydrazine was catalytically dissociated to yield a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. The latter was separated to provide the makeup nitrogen. The hydrogen will be used in the reduction of metabolic carbon dioxide.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-152097 , ER-251-6
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Technology advancement of an oxygen generation subsystem (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An oxygen generation subsystem based on water electrolysis was developed and tested to further advance the concept and technology of the spacecraft air revitalization system. Emphasis was placed on demonstrating the subsystem integration concept and hardware maturity at a subsystem level. The integration concept of the air revitalization system was found to be feasible. Hardware and technology of the oxygen generation subsystem was demonstrated to be close to the preprototype level. Continued development of the oxygen generation technology is recommended to further reduce the total weight penalties of the oxygen generation subsystem through optimization.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-152257 , LSI-ER-336-4
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Integrated oxygen recovery system (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Life Systems has conceptualized an innovative Integrated Oxygen Recovery System (IORS) applicable to advanced mission air revitalization. The IORS provides the capability to electrochemically generate metabolic oxygen (O2) and recover O2 from the space habitat atmosphere via a carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction process within a single assembly. To achieve this capability, the IORS utilizes a Solid Metal Cathode (SMC) water electrolysis unit that simultaneously serves as the Sabatier CO2 reduction reactor. The IORS enables two major life support systems currently baselined in closed loop air revitalization systems to be combined into one smaller, less complex system. This concept reduces fluidic and electrical interface requirements and eliminates a hydrogen (H2) interface. Life Systems is performing an evaluation of the IORS process directed at demonstrating performance and quantifying key physical characteristics including power, weight, and volume. The results of the checkout, shakedown, and initial parametric tests are summarized.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-192982 , NAS 1.26:192982 , TR-1619-1-2
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Integrated oxygen recovery system (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Life Systems has conceptualized an innovative Integrated Oxygen Recovery System (IORS) applicable to advanced mission air revitalization. The IORS provides the capability to electrochemically generate metabolic oxygen (O2) and recover O2 from the space habitat atmosphere via a carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction process within a single assembly. To achieve this capability, the IORS utilizes a Solid Metal Cathode (SMC) water electrolysis unit that simultaneously serves as the Sabatier CO2 reduction reactor. The IORS enables two major life support systems currently baselined in closed loop air revitalization systems to be combined into one smaller, less complex system. This concept reduces fluidic and electrical interface requirements and eliminates a hydrogen (H2) interface. Life Systems is performing an evaluation of the IORS process directed at demonstrating performance and quantifying key physical characteristics including power, weight, and volume. Technical progress achieved during the first two months of the program is summarized.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-192343 , NAS 1.26:192343 , TR-1619-1-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Hybrid air revitalization system for a closed ecosystem (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An air-revitalization concept is presented with experimental results to assess the practicality and applicability of the proposed system to extended-duration manned missions. The Hybrid Air Revitalization System (HARS) uses plants in a habitat to remove metabolic CO2 and moisture and produce oxygen and food. CO2 and O2 partial pressures, temperature, and humidity are regulated by means of electrochemical CO2 and O2 chemical separators and a moisture condenser separator. A cell-test facility is described in which the electrochemical CO2 removal processes are investigated with and without using H2. Performance is optimized by using 25-30 percent Teflon in the gas-diffusion-type electrode, employing a thin electrolyte matrix, operating at higher temperatures and lower dew points. The HARS concept is found to be a feasible approach to the electrochemical separation of CO2 and O2.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 901311 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 09, 1990 - Jul 12, 1990; Williamsburg, VA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Advanced air revitalization for optimized crew and plant environments (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Hybrid Air Revitalization System (HARS) closed ecosystem concept presented encompasses electrochemical CO2 and O2 separators, in conjunction with a mechanical condenser/separator for maintaining CO2, O2, and humidity levels in crew and plant habitats at optimal conditions. HARS requires no expendables, and allows flexible process control on the bases of electrochemical cell current, temperature, and airflow rate variations. HARS capacity can be easily increased through the incorporation of additional chemical cells. Detailed system flowcharts are provided.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 911501 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 15, 1991 - Jul 18, 1991; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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