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  • 1
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    An Artificial Neural Network for Inferring Solar Wind Proxies at Mars (2018)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present a novel method to determine solar wind proxies from sheath measurements at Mars. Specifically, we develop an artificial neural network (ANN) to simultaneously infer seven solar wind proxies: ion density, ion speed, ion temperature, and interplanetary magnetic field magnitude and its vector components, using spacecraft measurements of ion moments, magnetic field magnitude, magnetic field components in the sheath, and the solar extreme ultraviolet flux. The ANN was trained and tested using3 years of data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. When compared with MAVEN spacecraft's in situ measured values of the solar wind parameters, we find that the ANN proxies for the solar wind ion density, ion speed, ion temperature, and interplanetary magnetic field magnitude havepercentage differences of 50% or less for 84.4%, 99.9%, 86.8%, and 79.8% of the instances, respectively. Forthe cone angle and clock angle proxies, 69.1% and 53.3% of instances, respectively, have angle differences of 30* or less.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN62945 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276) (e-ISSN 1944-8007); 45; 20
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Magnetic Reconnection on Dayside Crustal Magnetic Fields at Mars: MAVEN Observations (2018)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The identification of magnetic reconnection on the dayside of Mars has been elusive owing to the lack of comprehensive plasma and field measurements. Here we present direct measurements of dayside in situ reconnection signatures by the comprehensive particles and fields package on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft over strong crustal magnetic fields in the southern hemisphere of Mars. During a crossing of a bifurcated current sheet consisting of northward and southward magnetic fields, MAVEN recorded (i) ionospheric photoelectrons trapped on closed magneticfield lines, (ii) Hall magnetic fields and a nonzero normal field with polarity consistent with a crossing northward of the X line, and (iii) northward Alfvenic ion jets. Dayside magnetic reconnection on crustal magnetic fields could control the global configuration and topology of the Martian magnetosphere and alter the ion escape pattern from the dayside ionosphere.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN60521 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276) (e-ISSN 1944-8007); 45; 10; 4550-4558
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Science Enhancements by the MAVEN Participating Scientists (2014)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: NASA implemented a Participating Scientist Program and released a solicitation for the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN) proposals on February 14, 2013. After a NASA peer review panel evaluated the proposals, NASA Headquarters selected nine on June 12, 2013. The program's intent is to enhance the science return from the mission by including new investigations that broaden and/or complement the baseline investigations, while still addressing key science goals. The selections cover a broad range of science investigations. Included are: a patching of a 3D exosphere model to an improved global ionosphere-thermosphere model to study the generation of the exosphere and calculate the escape rates; the addition of a focused study of upper atmosphere variability and waves; improvement of a multi-fluid magnetohydrodynamic model that will be adjusted according to MAVEN observations to enhance the understanding of the solar-wind plasma interaction; a global study of the state of the ionosphere; folding MAVEN measurements into the Mars International Reference Ionosphere under development; quantification of atmospheric loss by pick-up using ion cyclotron wave observations; the reconciliation of remote and in situ observations of the upper atmosphere; the application of precise orbit determination of the spacecraft to measure upper atmospheric density and in conjunction with other Mars missions improve the static gravity field model of Mars; and an integrated ion/neutral study of ionospheric flows and resultant heavy ion escape. Descriptions of each of these investigations are given showing how each adds to and fits seamlessly into MAVEN mission science design.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN31378 , Space Science Reviews; 195; 1-4 Fall; 319-355
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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