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  • 1
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    Model predictions and visualization of the particle flux on the surface of Mars (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Model calculations of the particle flux on the surface of Mars due to the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) can provide guidance on radiobiological research and shielding design studies in support of Mars exploration science objectives. Particle flux calculations for protons, helium ions, and heavy ions are reported for solar minimum and solar maximum conditions. These flux calculations include a description of the altitude variations on the Martian surface using the data obtained by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission with its Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument. These particle flux calculations are then used to estimate the average particle hits per cell at various organ depths of a human body in a conceptual shelter vehicle. The estimated particle hits by protons for an average location at skin depth on the Martian surface are about 10 to 100 particle-hits/cell/year and the particle hits by heavy ions are estimated to be 0.001 to 0.01 particle-hits/cell/year.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Journal of radiation research (ISSN 0449-3060); Volume 43 Suppl; S35-9
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    21st Century Lunar Exploration: Advanced Radiation Exposure Assessment (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: On January 14, 2004 President George W Bush outlined a new vision for NASA that has humans venturing back to the moon by 2020. With this ambitious goal, new tools and models have been developed to help define and predict the amount of space radiation astronauts will be exposed to during transit and habitation on the moon. A representative scenario is used that includes a trajectory from LEO to a Lunar Base, and simplified CAD models for the transit and habitat structures. For this study galactic cosmic rays, solar proton events, and trapped electron and proton environments are simulated using new dynamic environment models to generate energetic electron, and light and heavy ion fluences. Detailed calculations are presented to assess the human exposure for transit segments and surface stays.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 36th International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES); Jul 17, 2006 - Jul 20, 2006; Norfolk, VA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Visualization of particle flux in the human body on the surface of Mars (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: For a given galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment, information on the particle flux of protons, alpha particles, and heavy ions, that varies with respect to the topographical altitude on the Martian surface, are needed for planning exploration missions to Mars. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission with its Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument has been providing precise topographical surface map of the Mars. With this topographical data, the particle flux at the Martian surface level through the CO2 atmospheric shielding for solar minimum and solar maximum conditions are calculated. These particle flux calculations are then transported first through an anticipated shielding of a conceptual shelter with several water equivalent shield values (up to 50 g/cm2 of water in steps of 5 g/cm2) considered to represent a surface habitat, and then into the human body. Model calculations are accomplished utilizing the HZETRN, QMSFRG, and SUM-MARS codes. Particle flux calculations for 12 different locations in the human body were considered from skin depth to the internal organs including the blood-forming organs (BFO). Visualization of particle flux in the human body at different altitudes on the Martian surface behind a known shielding is anticipated to provide guidance for assessing radiation environment risk on the Martian surface for future human missions.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Journal of radiation research (ISSN 0449-3060); 43 Suppl; S119-24
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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