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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: JPL's missions to Mars have revealed factors that have an adverse impact on the performance of Mars Surface Solar Arrays. These factors included a spectrum shift toward the red wavelengths, atmospheric scattering and absorption and an accumulation of Mars surface dust on the arrays. All of these factors will reduce the power generated from state of the art triple junction solar cells used by earth orbiting satellites. This paper will report the results of JPL supported work conducted by US solar array manufacturers to increase the performance of solar arrays for future Mars surface missions. JPL awarded four vendors contracts to evaluate methods of improving power generation on the surface of Mars. These four contracts cover the redesign of the existing triple junction solar cell, modifying solar simulator output to match the Mars surface spectrum and techniques to control or remove dust from the surface of the arrays. The methodology and results of this evaluation will be presented in this paper.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 30th IEEE PV Specialists Conference 2003; Osaka; Japan
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report on ongoing studies of the anthropogenic radio frequency interference (RFI) in the Lband allocation for space-to-Earth exploration.1,2 The studies are being conducted for the radar instrument on the proposed Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) mission. A review of the allocated emitters is presented, followed by analysis based on space-borne and airborne data collected from the PALSAR sensor and the UAVSAR sensor. We use these data to model the pulsed RFI environment for SMAP and to demonstrate that the baseline plans for RFI mitigation are technically sound.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Aerospace Conference, 2011 IEEE; Mar 05, 2011 - Mar 11, 2011; Big Sky, MT; United States|(ISSN 1095-323X)
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Space weathering is an important process on airless bodies, and it must be considered when interpreting data from planetary missions. Previous work has shown that solar energetic particles may cause dielectric breakdown in regolith within permanently shadowed regions near the poles of the Moon. Here, we predict that dielectric breakdown weathering could have melted and/or vaporized 2 9% of gardened (i.e., thoroughly mixed) regolith at the equator and 5 11% near the poles. If so, then 3 10% of all gardened regolith on the Moon may have experienced dielectric breakdown, and this process must be considered when analyzing remote sensing data or soil samples returned by the Luna and Apollo missions.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN62924 , Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 319; 785-794
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This chapter presents a neural-network-based technique that allows for the reconstruction of the global, time-varying distribution of some physical quantity Q, that has been sparsely sampled at various locations within the magnetosphere, and at different times. We begin with a general introduction to the problem of prediction and specification, and why it is important and difficult to achieve with existing methods. We then provide a basic introduction to neural networks, and describe our technique using the specific example of reconstructing the electron plasma density in the Earth's inner magnetosphere on the equatorial plane. We then show more advanced uses of the technique, including 3D reconstruction of the plasma density, specification of chorus and hiss waves, and energetic particle fluxes. We summarize and conclude with a general discussion of how machine learning techniques might be used to advance the state-of-the-art in space weather prediction, and insight discovery.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN63232 , Machine Learning Techniques for Space Weather; 279-300
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The lunar plasma and radiation environment and those physical processes that drive and control it, are intrinsically part of the science domain of the Heliophysics Division. Since the inception of the space program with Explorer 1 in 1958 and continuing to the present, scientists in the Heliophysics community have concentrated on characterizing and understanding the connected Sun-Earth system including the regions the Moon traverses and the interaction of plasmas and radiation with large and small bodies. This has been accomplished with in situ and remote sensing instrumentation and physics- and numerically-based models that provide understanding of the dominant mechanisms that define the environment in which the Moon is immersed. Therefore, the Heliospheric science community is uniquely and in many cases exclusively qualified to address interesting and compelling science problems that are enabled by the return to the Moon. This talk will provide an overview of representative, high-priority science investigations that are made possible by the return to the lunar surface. The content of this presentation is a result of an ongoing effort to inventory and articulate compelling science topics and how they are enabled by the return to the Moon.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 2006 Fall American Geophysical Union Meeting; Dec 11, 2006 - Dec 15, 2006; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We find evidence for hydrated material in the lunar regolith using "albedo protons" measured with the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). Fluxes of these albedo protons, which are emitted from the regolith due to steady bombardment by high energy radiation (Galactic Cosmic Rays), are observed to peak near the poles, and are inconsistent with the latitude trends of heavy element enrichment (e.g., enhanced Fe abundance). The latitudinal distribution of albedo protons anti-correlates with that of epithermal or high energy neutrons. The high latitude enhancement may be due to the conversion of upward directed secondary neutrons from the lunar regolith into tertiary protons due to neutron-proton collisions in hydrated regolith that is more prevalent near the poles. The CRaTER instrument may thus provide important measurements of volatile distributions within regolith at the Moon and potentially, with similar sensors and observations, at other bodies within the Solar System.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40280 , Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 273; 25-35
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: High energy cosmic rays constantly bombard the lunar regolith, producing (via nuclear evaporation) secondary 'albedo' or 'splash' particles like protons and neutrons, some of which escape back to space. Lunar Prospector and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), have shown that the energy distribution of albedo neutrons is modulated by the elemental composition of the lunar regolith, and by ice deposits in permanently shadowed polar craters. Here we investigate an analogous phenomenon with high energy ((is) approximately 100 MeV) lunar albedo protons.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN14074 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 17, 2014 - Mar 21, 2014; The Woodlands, TX; United States
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