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  • 1
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    Overview of the Martian radiation environment experiment (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Space radiation presents a hazard to astronauts, particularly those journeying outside the protective influence of the geomagnetosphere. Crews on future missions to Mars will be exposed to the harsh radiation environment of deep space during the transit between Earth and Mars. Once on Mars, they will encounter radiation that is only slightly reduced, compared to free space, by the thin Martian atmosphere. NASA is obliged to minimize, where possible, the radiation exposures received by astronauts. Thus, as a precursor to eventual human exploration, it is necessary to measure the Martian radiation environment in detail. The MARIE experiment, aboard the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft, is returning the first data that bear directly on this problem. Here we provide an overview of the experiment, including introductory material on space radiation and radiation dosimetry, a description of the detector, model predictions of the radiation environment at Mars, and preliminary dose-rate data obtained at Mars. c2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR); Volume 33; 12; 2204-10
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  • 2
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    Heavy ion observations by MARIE in cruise phase and Mars orbit (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The charged particle spectrum for nuclei from protons to neon, (charge Z=10) was observed during the cruise phase and orbit around Mars by the MARIE charged particle spectrometer on the Odyssey spacecraft. The cruise data were taken between April 23, 2001 and mid-August 2001. The Mars orbit data were taken March 5, 2002 through May 2002 and are scheduled to continue until August 2004. Charge peaks are clearly separated for charges up to Z=10. Especially prominent are the carbon and oxygen peaks, with boron and nitrogen also clearly visible. Although heavy ions are much less abundant than protons in the cosmic ray environment, it is important to determine their abundances because their ionization energy losses (proportional to Z2) are far more dangerous to humans and to instruments. Thus the higher charged nuclei make a significant contribution to dose and dose equivalent received in space. Results of the charged particle spectrum measurements will be reported. c2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR); Volume 33; 12; 2211-4
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  • 3
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    Optimal planning and scheduling for a Mars relay communication network (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Networks: Structure, Dynamics and Function; Santa Fe, NM; United States
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  • 4
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    Optimal planning and scheduling for a Mars relay communication network (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Networks: Structure, Dynamics and Functions; Santa Fe, NM; United States
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  • 5
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    MARIE: Current Status and Results from 20 Months of Observations at Mars (2004)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The MARIE instrument aboard the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft detects energetic charged particles in the Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR) and during solar particle events (SPE) [1]. As of this writing (January 2004), MARIE has been turned off, after losing communication with the spacecraft during the large SPE of October 28, 2003. However, during the prior 20 months, MARIE collected data almost continuously, observing several solar events and the nearly-constant GCR. There is still a possibility the instrument can be recovered, and troubleshooting efforts are scheduled to begin in May 2004, following the completion of the primary missions of MER-A (Spirit) and MER-B (Opportunity). At present, Odyssey is acting as a telecommunications relay for the rovers and only routine science operations are permitted in this mode.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Human Occupation of Space: Radiation, Risk, and Refuse; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 6
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    Heavy Ion Flux Comparison of MARIE and ACE/CRIS Instruments (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The charged particle spectrum for nuclei from protons to neon, (charge Z=10) has been observed during the cruise phase and in orbit around Mars by the MARIE charge particle spectrometer aboard the Odyssey spacecraft. The cruise data was taken between April 23, 2001 and August 11, 2001. The Mars orbit data was taken from March 5, 2002 through December 2002. Both the cruise data set and the orbital data set are compared with the simultaneous observations made by the CRIS instrument aboard the ACE space-craft, located at L1. Any detectable differences between the two spacecraft data sets could lead to the understanding of the radial dependence of solar modulation.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV; LPI-Contrib-1156
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  • 7
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    Major and Trace Element Variations in Impact Crater Clay from Chicxulub, Lonar, and Mistastin, Implications for the Martian Soil (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The catastrophic Chicxulub event should have generated a large hydrothermal system with volatile element mobilization, producing interesting alteration materials and clays. The Yaxcopoil-1 (YAX) drill hole is located in the annular trough, about 70 km southwest of the crater center, in an area where the impactite layers are relatively thin (approx. 100 m thick). We have analyzed samples from the YAX drill core and from other impact craters including Mistastin and Lonar to determine the nature of alteration and trace element mobilization.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Impacts on Mars and Earth; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 8
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    Results from the Martian Radiation Environment Experiment MARIE (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: One of the three science instruments aboard the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft is the Martian Radiation Environment Experiment, MARIE. MARIE consists of a stack of silicon detectors, augmented by a Cerenkov detector. MARIE is designed to measure a portion of the particle spectrum of the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR), as well as the high fluxes of low-energy protons (energies less than about 100 MeV) that are intermittently produced by active regions on the sun in Solar Particle Events (SPE). MARIE is providing the first detailed information about the radiation environment near Mars.measurements. MARIE has been operating successfully for nearly a year. Solar particle events of considerable interest have been observed, and data have been obtained that will yield GCR spectra from a novel observation point in the solar system.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-7756 , Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV; LPI-Contrib-1156
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  • 9
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    The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer a Low Complexity, Low Cost Space Mission for High-Resolution Astronomy and Direct Exoplanet Detection (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) is a mission concept for a spacecraft-borne nulling interferometer for high-resolution astronomy and the direct detection of exoplanets and assay of their environments and atmospheres. FKSI is a high angular resolution system operating in the near to midinfrared spectral region and is a scientific and technological pathfinder to the Darwin and Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) missions. The instrument is configured with an optical system consisting, depending on configuration, of two 0.5 - 1.0 m telescopes on a 12.5 - 20 m boom feeding a symmetric, dual Mach- Zehnder beam combiner. We report on progress on our nulling testbed including the design of an optical pathlength null-tracking control system and development of a testing regime for hollow-core fiber waveguides proposed for use in wavefront cleanup. We also report results of integrated simulation studies of the planet detection performance of FKSI and results from an in-depth control system and residual optical pathlength jitter analysis.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2006; May 24, 2006 - May 31, 2006; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 10
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    GCR-Induced Photon Luminescence of the Moon (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: It is shown that the Moon has a ubiquitous photon luminescence induced by Galactic cosmic-rays (GCRs), using the Monte Carlo particle-physics program FLUKA. Both the fluence and the flux of the radiation can be determined by this method, but only the fluence will be presented here. This is in addition to thermal radiation emitted due to the Moon s internal temperature and radioactivity. This study is a follow-up to an earlier discussion [1] that addressed several misconceptions regarding Moonshine in the Earth-Moon system (Figure 1) and predicted this effect. There also exists a related x-ray fluorescence induced by solar energetic particles (SEPs, 〈350 MeV) and solar photons at lower x-ray energies, although this latter fluorescence was studied on Apollo 15 and 16 [2- 5], Lunar Prospector [6], and even EGRET [7].
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 39th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 10, 2008 - Mar 14, 2008; League City, TX; United States
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