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  • 1
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    Die absolute Entkopplung ist möglich : wirtschaftliches Wachstum mit weniger Ressourcen (2012)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Die EU strebt in ihrer Strategie "Europa 2020" eine absolute Entkopplung der Wirtschaftsleistungen vom Verbrauch natürlicher Ressourcen an. Doch ist Wirtschaftswachstum mit einer gleichzeitigen Reduktion der Ressourcennutzung möglich?
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Quantitative und qualitative Analyse der ökonomischen Effekte einer forcierten Ressourceneffizienzstrategie : Abschlussbericht zu AS 5.2 und AS 5.3 des Arbeitspakets 5 des Projekts "Materialeffizienz und Ressourcenschonung" (MaRess) (2012)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 3
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    Proposed Science Requirements and Acquisition Priorities for the First Mars Sample Return (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: A sample return mission is an important next step in the exploration of Mars. The first sample return should come early in the program time-line because the science derived from earth-based analyses of samples provides crucial "ground truth" needed for further exploration planning, enhancement of remote measurements, and achieving science goals and objectives that include: (1) the search for environments that may support life and any indicators of the past or present existence of life, (2) understanding the history of water and climate on Mars, (3) understanding the evolution of Mars as a planet. Returned samples from Mars will have unique value because they can be studied by scientists worldwide using the most powerful analytical instruments available. Furthermore, returned Mars samples can be preserved for studies by future generations of scientists using new techniques and addressing new issues in Mars science. To ensure a high likelihood of success, the first sample return strategy should be simple and focused. We outline a fundamental set of sample requirements and acquisition priorities for Mars sample return.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 1; 2; LPI-Contrib-1062
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  • 4
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    A Zircon U-Pb Study of the Evolution of Lunar KREEP (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: SIMS U-Pb analyses show that zircons from breccias from Apollo 14 and Apollo 17 have essentially identical age distributions in the range 4350 to 4200 Ma but, whereas Apollo 14 zircons additionally show ages from 4200 to 3900 Ma, the Apollo 17 samples have no zircons with ages 〈4200 Ma. The zircon results also show an uneven distribution with distinct peaks of magmatic activity. In explaining these observations we propose that periodic episodes of KREEP magmatism were generated from a primary reservoir of KREEP magma, which contracted over time towards the centre of Procellarum KREEP terrane.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 5
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    Martian and Terrestrial Rock Abrasion from Wind Tunnel and Field Studies (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Earth and Mars exhibit ventifacts, rocks that have been abraded by saltating sand. Previous theoretical and laboratory studies have determined abrasion susceptibilities of rocks as a function of sand type and impact angle and rock material strengths. For the last two years we have been engaged in wind tunnel and field studies to better understand the fundamental factors which control and influence rock abrasion and ventifact formation on Earth and Mars. In particular, we are examining: 1) What types of rocks (composition, texture, and shape) preferentially erode and what are the relative rates of one type vs. another? 2) What are the controlling factors of the aeolian sand cloud (flux, particle speed, surface roughness, etc) which favor rock abrasion?, 3) How do specific ventifact characteristics tie into their mode of formation and rock properties? We find several important factors: 1) Initial rock shape controls the rate of abrasion, with steeper faces abrading faster than shallower ones. The relationship is partly dependent on angle-dependent flux (proportional to sin[theta]) but exhibits additional non-linear effects from momentum transfer efficiency and rebound effects that vary with incidence angle. 2) Irregular targets with pits or grooves abrade at greater rates than targets with smooth surfaces, with indentations generally enlarging with time. Surfaces become rougher with time. 3) Targets also abrade via slope retreat, which is roughly dependent on the slope of the front face. The formation of basal sills is common, as observed on terrestrial and Martian ventifacts.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV; LPI-Contrib-1156
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  • 6
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    A Further Investigation of the Exceptional Zircon Aggregate in Lunar Thin Section 73235,82 (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Introduction: Smith et al. described an exceptional zircon assemblage in thin section 82 from lunar breccia 73235 which, in transmitted light, resembles a cluster of pomegranate seeds, situated in a clast dominated by bytownite (Fig.1). They reported that high-contrast back-scattered electron (BSE) images of the zircon assemblage clearly show an overgrowth around most of the crystals. Most significantly these authors reported that the age of the rims of ca 4.18Ga is 120 million years younger than age of the interiors, dated at ca 4.31Ga. Smith et al. concluded that ca 4.31 billion years ago a relatively large (500+micron) zircon crystallized within a clast of Ca rich plagioclase. The zircon was fractured into numerous smaller crystals and was subsequently overgrown by a second generation of zircon at approximately 4.18Ga.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 16; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-16
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  • 7
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    Isotopic Composition of Oxygen in Lunar Zircons (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The recent discovery of heavy oxygen in zircons from the Jack Hills conglomerates Wilde et al. and Mojzsis et al. was interpreted as an indication of presence of liquid water on the surface of Early Earth. The distribution of ages of Jack Hills zircons and lunar zircons appears to be very similar and therefore analysis of oxygen in the lunar grains may provide a reference frame for further study of the early history of the Earth as well as give additional information regarding processes that operated on the Moon. In the present study we have analysed the oxygen isotopic composition of zircon grains from three lunar samples using the Swedish Museum of Natural History CAMECA 1270 ion microprobe. The samples were selected as likely tests for variations in lunar oxygen isotopic composition. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 14; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-14
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  • 8
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    Lunar Sample Compendium (2005)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The purpose of the Lunar Sample Compendium will be to inform scientists, astronauts and the public about the various lunar samples that have been returned from the Moon. This Compendium will be organized rock by rock in the manor of a catalog, but will not be as comprehensive, nor as complete, as the various lunar sample catalogs that are available. Likewise, this Compendium will not duplicate the various excellent books and reviews on the subject of lunar samples (Cadogen 1981, Heiken et al. 1991, Papike et al. 1998, Warren 2003, Eugster 2003). However, it is thought that an online Compendium, such as this, will prove useful to scientists proposing to study individual lunar samples and should help provide backup information for lunar sample displays. This Compendium will allow easy access to the scientific literature by briefly summarizing the significant findings of each rock along with the documentation of where the detailed scientific data are to be found. In general, discussion and interpretation of the results is left to the formal reviews found in the scientific literature. An advantage of this Compendium will be that it can be updated, expanded and corrected as need be.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 9
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    Trajectories and energy transfer of saltating particles onto rock surfaces : application to abrasion and ventifact formation on Earth and Mars (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The interaction between saltating sand grains and rock surfaces is assessed to gauge relative abrasion potential as a function of rock shape, wind speed, grain size, and planetary environment. Many kinetic energy height profiles for impacts exhibit a distinctive increase, or kink, a few centimeters above the surface, consistent with previous field, wind tunnel, and theoretical investigations. The height of the kink observed in natural and wind tunnel settings is greater than predictions by a factor of 2 or more, probably because of enhanced bouncing off hard ground surfaces. Rebounded grains increase the effective flux and relative kinetic energy for intermediate slope angles. Whether abrasion occurs, as opposed to simple grain impact with little or no mass lost from the rock, depends on whether the grain kinetic energy (EG) exceeds a critical value (EC), as well as the flux of grains with energies above EC. The magnitude of abrasion and the shape change of the rock over time depends on this flux and the value of EG 〉 EC. Considering the potential range of particle sizes and wind speeds, the predicted kinetic energies of saltating sand hitting rocks overlap on Earth and Mars. However, when limited to the most likely grain sizes and threshold conditions, our results agree with previous work and show that kinetic energies are about an order of magnitude greater on Mars.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; Volume 111; E12004
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  • 10
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    Calculating Chemical Evolution on the Web (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We have constructed an interactive web site that may be of interest to cosmochemists seeking to understand the evolution of isotopes in the Galaxy. The URL is http://photon.phys.clemson.edu/gce.html. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXII; LPI-Contrib-1080
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