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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Two comments on a work by Murthy (1991) concerning the abundances of siderophile elements in the earth's mantle are presented. In the first comment it is asserted that the basis of Murthy's extrapolation is the assumption that the Gibbs free energy change for the partitioning reaction is independent of temperature, and as this is generally not a valid assumption thermodynamically, and as this is contradicted by most experimental data, the issue of mantle siderophile elements remains unresolved. In the second comment it is asserted that the extrapolation method used by Murthy does not appear to be valid thermodynamically, and that an extrapolation based on generally accepted thermodynamic assumptions yields different results. In a reply, Murthy takes issue with the comments.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 257; 5074,; 1281-128
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: In response to the question 'what to do next' at Mars we explore the value of a high precision in situ measurement of isotopic and trace gas constituents in the atmosphere combined with a similar analysis of gas extracted from near surface rocks and soils. The scientific goals are to advance our understanding of the evolution of the Martian atmosphere and to search for fossils of past geochemical conditions. One element of this program that ties directly to the goals of the Astrobiology Program will be a sensitive search for simple or complex organic molecules contained in the atmosphere and in the solid phase. The broad chemical and isotopic analysis planned insures that a highly successful program will be carried out even if no organics are detected. We will demonstrate that the technology to carry out this Program is presently in hand.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 2; 204-205; LPI-Contrib-1062-Pt-2
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: A sample return mission is an important next step in the exploration of Mars. The first sample return should come early in the program time-line because the science derived from earth-based analyses of samples provides crucial "ground truth" needed for further exploration planning, enhancement of remote measurements, and achieving science goals and objectives that include: (1) the search for environments that may support life and any indicators of the past or present existence of life, (2) understanding the history of water and climate on Mars, (3) understanding the evolution of Mars as a planet. Returned samples from Mars will have unique value because they can be studied by scientists worldwide using the most powerful analytical instruments available. Furthermore, returned Mars samples can be preserved for studies by future generations of scientists using new techniques and addressing new issues in Mars science. To ensure a high likelihood of success, the first sample return strategy should be simple and focused. We outline a fundamental set of sample requirements and acquisition priorities for Mars sample return.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 1; 2; LPI-Contrib-1062
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-10-05
    Description: The martian mantle is apparently heterogeneous, which opens the possibility that it is layered, with each layer convectively isolated. If this is correct, melt generation should occur either at thermal boundary layers or in plumes generated at those boundaries. Mantle layering may be a good means of slowing the planet's cooling rate, allowing young volcanism. Layering may also provide a means for keeping the crust and upper mantle cool, allowing the preservation of ancient variations in crustal thickness.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Report of the Workshop on Unmixing the SNCs: Chemical, Isotopic, and Petrologic Components of Martian Meteorites; LPI-Contrib-1153
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The use of IR aerial photographs for determining the dynamic characteristics of evapotranspiration at the Gila River Test Site is discussed. Evapotranspiration was measured as a function of plant volume, surface conditions, soil moisture storage, and ground water levels.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 3; 9 p
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-03-07
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 41 p
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The multifrequency satellite radio beacon enables the measurement of the columnar electron content of the ionosphere and plasmasphere along the ray path and its spatial and temporal structure. Measurements include modulation phase, Faraday rotation, and amplitude. The characteristics of the beacon transmitter and its design are presented together with the design of the Boulder receiver and antennas and the calibration procedures. A shape factor F is defined which depends on the electron density and geomagnetic field distributions. It is found that F varies by about 30% from day to night. It is shown that the ratio of the plasmaspheric content to total content varies from about 0.08 during the day to about 0.35 at night. Other examples which are presented to illustrate the uses of the radio beacon include sunrise effects, solar flare enhancements of total content, and the ionospheric storms of early July 1974.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Radio Science; 10; Aug
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Tumbleweed is a wind-propelled long-range vehicle based on well-developed and tested technology, instrumented to perform surveys Mars analog environments for habitability and suitable for a variety of missions on Mars. Tumbleweeds are light-weight and relatively inexpensive, making it very attractive for multiple deployments or piggy-backing on a larger mission. Tumbleweeds with rigid structures are also being developed for similar applications. Modeling and testing have shown that a 6 meter diameter Tumbleweed is capable of climbing 25 hills, traveling over 1 meter diameter boulders, and ranging over a thousand kilometers. Tumbleweeds have a potential payload capability of about 10 kilograms with approximately 10-20 Watts of power. Stopping for science investigations can also be accomplished using partial deflation or other braking mechanisms. Surveys for Astrobiology and other applications of tumbleweeds are shown.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Second Conference on Early Mars: Geologic, Hydrologic, and Climatic Evolution and the Implications for Life; LPI-Contrib-1211
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: We peformed a series of metal/silicate partitioning thought experiments where contamination of the silicate by metal increases as the size of the charge decreases. Unfortunately, regression of this entirely artificial dataset leads to very reasonable result.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI; LPI-Contrib-1000
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Results from an experimental deformation study on natural chondrite demonstrate Fe-Ni-O-S liquid mobility, and its resulting geochemical signature, within a solid silicate matrix under low temperature (900-1000 C) and high stress conditions.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI; LPI-Contrib-1000
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