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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (7)
  • Conservation of Natural Resources  (4)
  • Astrophysics
  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • 1
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    A global paleoclimate observing system (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alverson, K -- Bradley, R -- Briffa, K -- Cole, J -- Hughes, M -- Larocque, I -- Pedersen, T -- Thompson, L -- Tudhope, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):47-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11444288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climate ; Cnidaria/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Ice ; Oceans and Seas ; Rain ; Seawater/analysis/chemistry ; Specimen Handling/*methods ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Trees/growth & development/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Ecological extinction caused by overfishing precedes all other pervasive human disturbance to coastal ecosystems, including pollution, degradation of water quality, and anthropogenic climate change. Historical abundances of large consumer species were fantastically large in comparison with recent observations. Paleoecological, archaeological, and historical data show that time lags of decades to centuries occurred between the onset of overfishing and consequent changes in ecological communities, because unfished species of similar trophic level assumed the ecological roles of overfished species until they too were overfished or died of epidemic diseases related to overcrowding. Retrospective data not only help to clarify underlying causes and rates of ecological change, but they also demonstrate achievable goals for restoration and management of coastal ecosystems that could not even be contemplated based on the limited perspective of recent observations alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, J B -- Kirby, M X -- Berger, W H -- Bjorndal, K A -- Botsford, L W -- Bourque, B J -- Bradbury, R H -- Cooke, R -- Erlandson, J -- Estes, J A -- Hughes, T P -- Kidwell, S -- Lange, C B -- Lenihan, H S -- Pandolfi, J M -- Peterson, C H -- Steneck, R S -- Tegner, M J -- Warner, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):629-37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA. jbcj@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology ; Bacteria ; Cnidaria ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fishes ; Geologic Sediments ; Humans ; *Marine Biology ; Seaweed ; Shellfish ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Regional-scale assembly rules and biodiversity of coral reefs (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-26
    Description: Tropical reef fishes and corals exhibit highly predictable patterns of taxonomic composition across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Despite steep longitudinal and latitudinal gradients in total species richness, the composition of these key taxa is constrained within a remarkably narrow range of values. Regional-scale variation in reef biodiversity is best explained by large-scale patterns in the availability of shallow-water habitat. Once habitat area is accounted for, there is surprisingly little residual effect of latitude or longitude. Low-diversity regions are most vulnerable to human impacts such as global warming, underscoring the urgent need for integrated management at multinational scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bellwood, D R -- Hughes, T P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1532-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Coral Reef Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. david.bellwood@jcu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11375488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cnidaria/classification/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/classification/physiology ; Geography ; Greenhouse Effect ; Indian Ocean ; Pacific Ocean ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Global trajectories of the long-term decline of coral reef ecosystems (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: Degradation of coral reef ecosystems began centuries ago, but there is no global summary of the magnitude of change. We compiled records, extending back thousands of years, of the status and trends of seven major guilds of carnivores, herbivores, and architectural species from 14 regions. Large animals declined before small animals and architectural species, and Atlantic reefs declined before reefs in the Red Sea and Australia, but the trajectories of decline were markedly similar worldwide. All reefs were substantially degraded long before outbreaks of coral disease and bleaching. Regardless of these new threats, reefs will not survive without immediate protection from human exploitation over large spatial scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pandolfi, John M -- Bradbury, Roger H -- Sala, Enric -- Hughes, Terence P -- Bjorndal, Karen A -- Cooke, Richard G -- McArdle, Deborah -- McClenachan, Loren -- Newman, Marah J H -- Paredes, Gustavo -- Warner, Robert R -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):955-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, MRC-121, National Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. pandolfi.john@nmnh.si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*growth & development ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Culture ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Deflections in Lava Flow Directions Relative to Topography in the Tharsis Region of Mars: Indications of Post-Flow Tectonic Motion (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: High-resolution topographic data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), and imagery from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) and the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) allow for the first accurate assessment of lava flow directions relative to topographic slopes in the Tharsis region. Tharisis has long been recognized as the dominant tectonic and volcanic province on the planet, with a complex geologic history. In this study, lava flow directions on Daedalia Planum, Syria Planum, Tempe Terra, and near the Tharsis Montes are compared with MOLA topographic contours to look for deviations of flow directions from the local slope direction. The topographic deviations identified in this study are likely due to Tharsis tectonic deformation that has modified the regional topography subsequent to the emplacement of the flows, and can be used to model the mechanisms and magnitudes of relatively recent tectonism in the region. A similar approach was used to identify possible post-flow tectonic subsidence on the Snake River Plain in Idaho.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Second Conference on Early Mars: Geologic, Hydrologic, and Climatic Evolution and the Implications for Life; LPI-Contrib-1211
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  • 6
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    Deflections in Lava Flow Directions Relative to Topography in the Tharsis Region: Indicators of Post-Flow Tectonic Motion (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: High-resolution topographic data for Mars from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), and imagery from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) and the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) allow for the first accurate assessment of lava flow directions relative to topographic slopes in the Tharsis region. Tharisis has long been recognized as the dominant tectonic and volcanic province on the planet, with a complex geologic history. In this study, lava flow directions on Daedalia Planum, Syria Planum, Tempe Terra, and near the Tharsis Montes are compared with MOLA topographic contours to look for deviations of flow directions from the local slope direction. The topographic deviations identified in this study are likely due to Tharsis tectonic deformation that has modified the regional topography subsequent to the emplacement of the flows, and can be used to model the mechanisms and magnitudes of relatively recent tectonism in the region. A similar approach was used to identify possible postflow tectonic subsidence on the Snake River Plain in Idaho.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Mars Volcanology and Tectonics; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 7
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    Field and Geochemical Study of Table Legs Butte and Quaking Aspen Butte, Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: An Analog to the Morphology of Small Shield Volcanoes on Mars (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data allows insight to Martian features in great detail, revealing numerous small shields in the Tempe region, consisting of low profiles and a prominent summit caps . Terrestrial examples of this shield morphology are found on the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP), Idaho. This plains-style volcanism [2] allows an analog to Martian volcanism based on topographic manifestations of volcanic processes . Recent studies link the slope and morphology of Martian volcanoes to eruptive process and style . The ESRP, a 400km long, 100km wide depression, is host to hundreds of tholeiitic basalt shields, which have low-profiles built up over short eruptive periods of a few months or years . Many of these smaller scale shields (basal diameters rarely exceed 5km) display morphology similar to the volcanoes in the Tempe region of Mars . Morphological variations within these tholeiitic shields are beautifully illustrated in their profiles.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Mars Volcanology and Tectonics; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 8
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    Topographic Evidence for Eruptive Style Changes and Magma Evolution of Small Plains-style Volcanoes on Earth and Mars (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Topographic profiles and surface characteristics of small (5 - 25 km diameter) plains-style shield volcanoes on the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) provide a method to evaluate eruptive processes and magmatic evolution on Martian volcanic plains. The ESRP is an ideal place to observe Mars-like volcanic features where hundreds of small monogenetic basaltic shields dominate the volcanic-sedimentary depositional sequence, and numerous planetary analogues are evident: coalescent mafic shields, hydromagmatic explosive eruptions, the interaction of lava flows with surficial water and glacial ice, and abundant eolian sand and loess. Single flows cannot be correlated over great distances, and are spatially restricted. These relations are useful for planetary exploration when inferring volcanic evolutionary patterns in lava plains represented by numerous eruptive vents. High spatial resolution imagery and digital topographic data for Mars from MOC, MOLA, and THEMIS is allowing for improvements in the level of detail of stratigraphic mapping of fields of small (〈 25 km in diameter) volcanoes as well as studies of the morphological characteristics of individual volcanoes. In order to compare Mars and Earth volcanic features, elevation data from U.S.G.S. 10-meter digital elevation models (DEMs) and high-precision GPS field measurements are used in this study to generate approx. 20m spacing topographic profiles from which slope and surface morphology can be extracted. Average ESRP flank and crater slopes are calculated using 100 - 200 m spacing for optimum comparison to MOLA data, and to reduce the effects of surface irregularities.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Mars Tectonism and Volcanism; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 9
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    Comparison of Plains Volcanism in the Tempe Terra Region of Mars to the Eastern Snake River Plains, Idaho with Implications for Geochemical Constraints (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The Eastern Snake River Plains (ESRP) in Idaho have long been considered a terrestrial analog for the plains volcanism like that evident in Syria Planum and Tempe Terra, Mars. Both the ESRP and Tempe Terra are sediment-blanketed volcanic fields in areas with significant extensional faulting. Similar volcanic features can be observed throughout both study areas using field analysis and DEMs of the ESRP and the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data from Mars. These features include flow fields, low shields, shields with steep summits, and fissure eruptions. A few other volcanic features, such as cinder cones, which suggest variable compositions, volatile interactions, and multiple volcanic events can be seen in both areas. The eruptions in both the ESRP and Tempe Terra generally originate from the fissures creating elongate, multi-vent shields as well as isolated or aligned single vent shields. Many of these show evidence of radial flow patterns from summit craters as well as lava tube fed flows. The volcanoes of Tempe Terra display some of the global latitudinal parameter trends of small volcanoes on Mars. Some of these trends may be explained by the variation of volatile content and compositional variation across Mars. However, within Tempe Terra no significant local latitudinal trends can be seen in edifice attributes and not all variations are explained by global trends. This study builds upon previous studies of the Tempe Terra region and the ESRP in order to develop a more detailed representation of features and topographic data. Using these data we attempt to help constrain the composition and eruptive style of the Tempe Terra volcanoes by correlating them with the similar and quantified ESRP variations.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Mars Volcanology and Tectonics; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 10
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    Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect-Derived Distances to the High-Redshift Clusters (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We determine the distances to the z approximately equals 0.55 galaxy clusters MS 0451.6 - 0305 and Cl 0016 + 16 from a maximum-likelihood joint fit to interferometric Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE) and X-ray observations. We model the intracluster medium (ICM) using a spherical isothermal beta model. We quantify the statistical and systematic uncertainties inherent to these direct distance measurements, and we determine constraints on the Hubble parameter for three different cosmologies. For an Omega(sub M) = 0.3, Omega(sub lambda) = 0.7 cosmology, these distances imply a Hubble constant of 63(sup +12) (sub -9) (sup + 21) (sub -21) km/s Mp/c, where the uncertainties correspond to statistical followed by systematic at 68% confidence. The best-fit H(sub 0) is 57 km/s Mp/c for an open (Omega(sub M) = 0.3) universe and 52 km/s Mp/c for a flat (Omega(sub M) = 1) universe.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 533; 38-49
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