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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemosensory responses in two species of elephants to constituents of temporal gland secretion and musth urine (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1687-1711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Temporal gland secretion ; Elephas maximus ; Loxodonta africana ; testosterone ; urine ; flehmen ; palatal pits ; (E)-farnesol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This report discusses three areas of investigation: (1) The chemical components in the temporal gland secretion (TGS) of Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants were characterized by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels and by on-column capillary column gas chromatographic analysis of volatiles. An inverse relationship between TGS testosterone levels and (E)-farnesol levels was observed. (2). African elephants responded preferentially toward a particular constituent of African elephant TGS. (3) Urine from Asian bull elephants in musth was partially fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Specific chromatographic regions elicited dramatic avoidance responses from female African elephants. These results support the suggestion that the TGS plays multiple chemocommunicative roles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014552
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constituents of temporal gland secretion of the African elephant,Loxodonta africana (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 821-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: African elephant ; Loxodonta africana ; temporal gland secretion ; farnesol ; sesquiterpenes ; phenol ; cresol ; cholesterol ; proteins ; urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Temporal gland secretion (TGS), obtained from 15 different mature African elephants in Kruger National Park was analyzed for volatile constituents. Only five volatile components were present.p-Cresol was present in all samples, but phenol was found as an appreciable component of only one sample and as trace amounts in six others. Three sesquiterpenes were identified, the latter two being new natural products:E-farnesol, farnesol hydrate (3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadien-1,7-diol), and farnesol dihydrate (3,7,11-trimethyl-2-dodecen-1,7,11-triol). These sesquiterpenes represent the first isolated from mammals. Ten samples of TGS, serum, and saliva were assayed for cholesterol, urea, and proteins including several enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994782
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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