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  • 1
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Locusta migratoria ; abnormal sterol diet ; ecdysteroids ; fenpropimorph ; prothoracic glands
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 97-100 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ecdysone ; biosynthèse ; inhibiteurs ; Locusta migratoria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Among about 50 compounds synthesized to inhibit enzymes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of ecdysone we selected seven molecules which showed a strong effect on ecdysone production byLocusta migratoria prothoracic glands incubatedin vitro. These molecules mostly possess a specific activity on ecdysone biosynthesis which is irreversible. The compounds were administered in one or several injections of aqueous or oily solutions at different times in the course of the two last larval instars. Three inhibitors led in a 10% ratio to a prolongation (sometimes more than 3 times the standard length) of the instar, pointing out a decrease in the ecdysone biosynthesis. Two other inhibitors induced some morphogenetic modifications in the adults, as size reduction or wing alterations, and metamorphosis difficulties. Thein vivo low activity compared with the strong onein vitro could be due to difficulties for the compounds to reach the prothoracic glands without degradation. The variation of inhibitory activity which appearsin vivo between the seven compounds studied is not linked either with the chemical structures of the molecules (which are very near one another) or with theirin vitro activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 193-199 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: ecdysone biosynthesis ; suicide substrate type inhibitors ; Locusta migratoria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le but d'inhiber la biosynthèse de l'ecdysone au cours du développement chez l'Insecte, plus de 50 molécules ont été synthétisées selon la conception des substrats-suicides. Deux enzymes des dernières étapes de la biosynthèse de l'ecdysone, parfaitement connues, les C-22 et C-25 hydroxylases, qui sont des monooxygénases à cytochrome P-450, ont été choisies pour cibles. A partir d'une molécule de base présentant à la fois un bon pouvoir inhibiteur et des caractéristiques d'activité de type substrat-suicide, c'està-dire irréversibilité de l'action, spécificité de l'inhibition et sélectivité sur l'enzyme visé, de nombreuses modifications ont été introduites. Elles ont concernés notamment la longueur de la chaîne latérale, la nature et la position du groupement inhibiteur, la position du ou des groupements hydroxyles et la nature du noyau stéroïde. Des divers résultats obtenus, il est possible de conclure que les meilleurs inhibiteurs, qui diminuent significativement la production d'ecdysone des glandes prothoraciques incubéesin vitro, sont composés d'une chaîne latérale courte à groupement inhibiteur alcyne ou allénique dans le voisinage d'un groupement hydroxyle et d'un noyau stéroîde qui peut-être, indifféremment, de type cholestérol, 7-déshydrocholestérol, 3-déshydrocholestérol ou porter un cycle B saturé. On peut noter que les noyaux qui se rapprochent le plus de celui des ecdystéroîdes diminuent ou empêchentl' activité. Malheureusement, jusqu'à présent, ces molécules injectéesin vivo chez des larves deLocusta migratoria n'ont qu'une action réduite: elles ne produisent, dans les meilleurs cas, que de rares retards de métamorphose et quelques modifications morphologiques chez les adultes.
    Notes: Abstract For fundamental studies as well as applied research, we have set up a programme for the synthesis of irreversible and selective inhibitors of ecdysone biosynthesis. Suicide substrate type inhibitors have been synthesized in order to react in the last steps of ecdysone biosynthesis on C-22 and C-25 hydroxylases which are cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases. The most active inhibitors are formed of a steroid nucleus on which a short side chain, with an acetylenic or an allenic function closely linked to an hydroxyl group, has been grafted. The exact form of the steroid nucleus (as in cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, 3-dehydrocholesterol or a molecule with a saturated B cycle) did not appear essential for the activity of the chemicals. These molecules injectedin vivo in larvae ofLocusta migratoria induced some morphological modifications of the adults and a very slight delay in metamorphosis.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It was shown that, in the presence of the steep temperature gradients characteristic of EUV models of the solar transition region, the electron and proton velocity distribution functions are non-Maxwellian and are characterized by high energy tails. The magnitude of these tails are estimated for a model of the transition region and the heat flux is calculated at a maximum of 30 percent greater than predicted by collision-dominated theory.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-162696
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The first order Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck equation is solved numerically to obtain diffusion and viscosity coefficients for a ternary gas mixture composed of electron, protons, and helium. The coefficients are tabulated for five He/H abundances ranging from 0.01 to 10 and for both He II and He III. Comparison with Burgers's thermal diffusion coefficients reveals a maximum difference of 9-10% for both He II and He III throughout the range of helium abundances considered. The viscosity coefficients are compared to those of Chapman and Cowling and show a maximum difference of only 5-6% for He II but 15-16% for He III. For the astrophysically important gas mixtures, it is concluded that the results of existing studies which employed Burgers's or Chapman and Cowling's coefficients will remain substantially unaltered.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 252
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Non-Maxwellian electron velocity distribution functions, previously computed for Dupree's model of the solar transition region are used to calculate ionization rates for ions of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Ionization equilibrium populations for these ions are then computed and compared with similar calculations assuming Maxwellian distribution functions for the electrons. The results show that the ion populations change (compared to the values computed with a Maxwellian) in some cases by several orders of magnitude depending on the ion and its temperature of formation.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-162695
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck equation is solved with the Chapman-Enskog method of analysis for the velocity distribution functions of helium, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The analysis is a perturbation scheme based on the assumption of a collision-dominated gas, and the calculations are carried out to first order. The elements considered are treated as trace constituents in an electron-proton gas. From the resulting distribution functions, diffusion coefficients are computed which are found to be 20-30% less than those obtained by Chapman and Burgers. In addition, it is shown that the return current of cold electrons needed to maintain quasi-neutrality in a plasma with a temperature gradient contributes a term in the thermal diffusion coefficient omitted erroneously in previous works. This added term resolves the longstanding controversy over the discrepancy between the coefficients of Chapman and Burgers, which are seen to be completely equivalent in the light of this analysis. The viscosity coefficient for an electron-proton gas is also computed and found to be 7% less than that obtained by Braginskii.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 243
    Format: text
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