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  • Light-scattering  (2)
  • Semi-arid shrubs  (2)
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (4)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological measurements and light-scattering experiments of dilute solutions of high molecular polystyrene. Light-scattering of flowing polymer solutions (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 1250-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Light-scattering ; flowing polymer solution ; dilute polymer solution ; orientation and deformation of macromolecules ; polystyrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the behavior of dilute polymer solutions by means of light-scattering under shear flow. Solution properties of polystyrene in benzene over a wide range of molecular weight has been studied to determine the coefficientsa andK of the Mark-Houwink relationship and to estimate the rheological conditions with regard to light-scattering experiments of flowing polymer solutions. The investigations were carried out to measure the shear-rate dependence of macromolecules in solution, e.g., to observe an orientation and changing of the mean-square radius of gyration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652533
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonstructural carbohydrate allocation following different frequencies of simulated browsing in three semi-arid shrubs (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 102 (1995), S. 238-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Browsing responses ; Semi-arid shrubs ; Nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation ; Regrowth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nonstructural carbohydrate allocation patterns in response to different frequencies of simulated browsing (leaf and twig removal) were studied in the following semi-arid shrubs: Osteospermum sinuatum, a dwarf deciduous shrub, Pteronia pallens, a dwarf evergreen shrub, and Ruschia spinosa, a dwarf leaf-succulent shrub. Simulated browsing at all frequencies resulted in the elevation, or had no effect, on total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations of O. sinuatum plant parts, and resulted in the decrease in TNC concentrations of R. spinosa plant parts. The responses of P. pallens were intermediate with elevations as well as declines in TNC concentrations of plant parts measured in response to various clipping frequencies. At the low frequency of simulated browsing (every 26 weeks) elevations in plant TNC content were measured in the two non-succulent shrubs O. sinuatum and P. pallens. It was concluded that the overcompensation with respect to TNC accumulation observed in the two non-succulent species represents one of the ways in which excess photosynthate is utilized by browsed shrubs with a limited regiowth potential. Simulated browsing was the least detrimental with respect to biomass production to the non-succulent O. sinuatum and P. pallens, and most injurious to the leaf-succulent shrub, R. spinosa. The observed TNC allocation patterns could not adequately explain the variation among species in the production of new growth and it was concluded that some factor(s) other than the carbon resource was limiting regrowth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333256
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regrowth and tannin production in woody and succulent karoo shrubs in response to simulated browsing (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 96 (1993), S. 562-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Induced defence ; Clipping ; Semi-arid shrubs ; Herbivore-deterrents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allocation of carbon to chemical defences has often been suggested to be a direct response to browsing or grazing by herbivores. This study quantitatively compares total polyphenol and tannin production in response to simulated browsing of three karoo shrubs in order to test this induced defence hypothesis. The three species studied responded to browsing either by rapid regrowth or by increasing polyphenol production in the remaining tissues. The patterns did not follow any phylogenetic relationships but were weakly associated with the palatability of each species. The highly palatable deciduous species Osteospermum sinuatum, which is capable of rapid regrowth, showed no or very low levels of constitutive and browsing-induced total polyphenols, condensed tannins and protein-precipitating tannins. The evergreen sclerophyllous species Pteronia pallens showed a limited regrowth capacity and had intermediate levels of polyphenols, while the evergreen succulent species Ruschia spinosa showed almost no regrowth over the study period. R. spinosa contained the highest constitutive and browsing-induced levels of polyphenols, condensed tannins and protein-precipitating tannins. In two of the species more than one anti-herbivore defence feature co-occur. P. pallens foliage contains both hepatotoxins and polyphenols while R. spinosa has both structural (spines) and chemical defences. Responses of karoo shrubs to simulated browsing are interpreted as the result of passive alterations in plant chemistry rather than as an active defence response to herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320514
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Taylor vortex flow by means of laser light scattering (1992)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 31 (1992), S. 274-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Light-scattering ; flowing polymer solution ; dilute polystyrene solution ; Taylor-vortex ; solvent power
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rheological measurements and light-scattering experiments were performed on dilute solutions of high molecular polystyrene. We are able to describe the orientation behavior of chain molecules under shear flow by means of light-scattering. Beyond that these investigations of light-scattering of flowing polymer solutions are an useful and suitable tool for detection and characterization of Taylor vortex formation. We can estimate the appearance of these hydrodynamic instabilities, which overlay the laminar main flow and we can observe a typical influence of the solvent power on it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366506
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