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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 71-75 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 3 (1982), S. 115-128 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; polygenic variation ; pattern formation ; wing veins ; campaniform sensillae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study was designed to measure the degree of correlation between vein formation and the specification of campaniform sensillae positions in the wing of Drosophila melanogaster. The campaniform sensillae are sensory organs placed at various locations on the wing. Those on the third longitudinal vein (L3) were the focus of this analysis. The system of polygenic modifiers of vein length is comparatively simple, as shown in whole chromosome assays of selected lines. This variability provides a sensitive method of altering vein-forming ability and of assessing correlated changes in other parts of the vein pattern. In selection lines of veinlet, sensillae were displaced toward the base of the wing as vein length decreased by distal loss of vein material. Changes in the amount of vein were, however, not directly proportional to changes in sensillae positions. The more distal sensillae were shifted the largest amount. In the mutant tilt, in which reduced L3 vein-forming competence results in subterminal gaps, distal campaniform sensillae were almost completely eliminated. The remaining sensillae were shifted toward the base of the wing where vein formation is normal. The placement of sensillae therefore appears to be sensitive to the same underlying determinants involved in vein-forming competence.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 215-223 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ventral sucker of Schistosoma mansoni cercaria is a cupshaped structure that is attached to the ventral surface of the organism by a homogeneous connective tissue that surrounds the acetabular glands. The sucker consists of an extensive complex of circular and longitudinal muscles. The longitudinal muscles extend outwoard in a radial pattern to form the cup of the organ. Intermingled with the muscles are nerve bundles and subtegumental cells (cytons). Dendritic nerve fibers connect to sensory papillae which are found on the surface tegument. Two types of sensory papillae are present: a commonly found unsheathed uniciliated papilla, and a previously unidentified tegumental encapsulated structure. Tegument with spines covers the ventral sucker, although the tegumental encapsulated sensory papilla lacks spines. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Fibronectin and other cell attachment proteins provide molecular models for beginning to unravel the complex interactions of the cell surface with the extracellular matrix. This area has been reviewed in considerable detail previously [1-10]. Our brief review will therefore be selective rather than comprehensive, and it will focus on some recent generalizations about this class of proteins, as well as on recent advances in the molecular analysis of the functions of these proteins and their receptors. we shall also present various popular or provocative hypotheses and speculations about future work in the field.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 28 (1985), S. 99-104 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: fibronectin ; cell adhesion ; synthetic peptides ; fibroblasts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Synthetic peptides derived from the cell-binding domain of fibronectin have previously been found to inhibit fibronectin-mediated adhesion in vitro competitively and reversibly, as well as inhibiting cell migratory events in vivo. The amino acid sequence specificity required for this inhibitory activity has been examined further using variations of the originally identified active peptide sequences. The most active small peptide was found to be the pentapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser. Although the tetrapeptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser was found to retain substantial activity, it was approximately threefold less active. An “inverted” peptide sequence with these same four amino acids arranged in the mirror sym-metrical sequence Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg was found to be nearly as active as the forward sequence. However, the same inverted tetrapeptide sequence embedded in a synthetic decapeptide derived from a sequence of histocompatibility antigens has minimal activity, suggesting the importance of adjacent sequences in modifying the activity of such peptides. Neither substitution of amino acids of the same charge nor reversal of the positions of the two charged amino acids retains biological activity. Decreasing the spacing between the charged residues also causes a loss of activity. Our results suggest the hypothesis that this adhesive recognition signal consists of a specific arrangement of one acidic and one basic charged group and additional information provided by adjacent amino acids.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 178 (1983), S. 285-301 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cochlear nuclear complex was investigated in snakes of the advanced family Colubridae and the primitive family Boidae. This study was undertaken in an attempt to correlate the elaboration of the cochlear nuclei with behavior and phylogeny and to elucidate the relative effects of these factors on the evolution of the cochlear nuclear complex. Fifty-five brains, of 14 colubrid species and three boid species, were examined to collect data on neuron diameter, neuron population, nuclear volume, and neuronal density of the cochlear nuclear complex and of its component nuclei (nucleus angularis and nucleus magnocellularis). Intraspecific and interspecific comparisons of the data were performed by nested analysis of variance. The species were grouped by cluster analysis and ranked on the basis of the morphometric parameters. Interspecific comparisons indicate that the elaboration of the cochlear nuclei is related, first, to prey preference and, second, to habitat preference. The most elaborate cochlear nuclei occur in species with a preference for vertebrate prey. Burrowing species that prey on vertebrates exhibit the highest degree of elaboration of the cochlear nuclei. In some burrowing species, the nucleus magnocellularis is differentiated into medial and lateral subdivisions. The primitive boid snakes show greater elaboration of the cochlear nuclei than do most of the advanced colubrid snakes. The elaboration of the cochlear nuclear complex in snakes seems to reflect the influence of both behavior and phylogeny. Further investigation of primitive snakes of varied behaviors is needed to establish more clearly the influence of phylogeny on the evolution of the cochlear nuclear complex.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 207-223 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoarchitecture and neuronal morphology of the torus semicircularis in the red-eared turtle, Chrysemys scripta elegans, were examined in Nissl-stained and Golgi-impregnated material. The torus semicircularis begins in the caudodorsal mesencephalon and extends rostrally and laterally to end ventrally to the tectal ventricle. The torus semicircularis consists of a central nucleus and a laminar nucleus, which is interposed between the central nucleus and the ventricle.The central nucleus can be divided into two regions, a small, large-celled area, located dorsally, and a larger area of small spherical (6-17 μm), large spherical (18-25 μm), triangular (15-27 μm) and fusiform (10-26 μm) neurons. The small spherical cells have two dendritic patterns: “radiate” and “single.” The radiate pattern has a dorsoventral orientation, several secondary branches and few dendritic spines. These cells are usually located in the center of the central nucleus. The single pattern is oriented mediolaterally. This cell type is most often observed at the periphery of the central nucleus. These neurons have few secondary branches and dendritic spines. The large spherical neurons display two dendritic orientations: dorsoventral and mediolateral. All dendritic trees have numerous secondary branches and few dendritic spines. The triangular neurons exhibit primary dendrites projecting from the corners of the somata and have few secondary branches and dendritic spines.The fusiform neurons have a majority of their dendrites oriented mediolaterally, few secondary branches and a small number of dendritic spines.The laminar nucleus consists of several layers and three cell types: ovoid (9-15 μm), triangular (20-40 μm), and fusiform (20-40 μm). All neurons have few secondary dendritic branches and few dendritic spines. The dendrites of many neurons course perpendicularly to the long axis of the brainstem and encapsulate the central nucleus. Some ovoid and fusiform neurons display dendrites that enter the central nucleus.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 259-274 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoarchitecture and neuromorphology of the torus semicircularis in the tokay gecko, Gekko gecko, were examined in Nissl-stained, fiber-stained, and Golgi-impregnated tissues.From a superficial position, the torus semicircularis extends rostrally under the caudal half of the optic tectum. Caudally, the two tori abut upon one another; rostrally, they diverge. The torus semicircularis consists of central, laminar, and superficial nuclei.The central nucleus consists of fusiform, spherical and triangular neurons. Their dendrites are highly branched, with numerous dendritic spines, and are oriented mediolaterally, dorsoventrally, and rostrocaudally. Fusiform and spherical neurons display two dendritic patterns: “single axis,” ramifying in one axis, and “dual axis,” exhibiting higher-order branches perpendicular to the primary dendrites. Triangular neurons exhibit a “radiate” dendritic pattern.In the rostral half of the torus semicircularis, the laminar nucleus caps the central nucleus. The laminar nucleus encircles the central nucleus in the caudal torus semicircularis. The neurons of the laminar nucleus have dendritic arrays oriented parallel to the border of the central nucleus. These dendrites exhibit a paucity of dendritic spines and higher-order branches. Fusiform and spherical neurons exhibit “single axis” and “dual axis” dendritic patterns. Triangular neurons display “radiate” patterns.The caudal superficial nucleus lies dorsal and dorsolateral to the central nucleus. The superficial nucleus is sparsely populated by small fusiform and spherical neurons with moderately branched dendrites and moderate numbers of dendritic spines. These neurons display “single axis” (fusiform neurons) as well as “dual axis” and “radiate” (spherical neurons) dendritic patterns. They are oriented either parallel to or perpendicular to the boundary of the laminar nucleus.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 20 (1982), S. 349-357 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: glucocorticoid action ; gene transfer ; mouse mammary tumor virus ; thymidine kinase gene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A chimeric long terminal repeat-thymidinc kinasc (LTR-tk) gene has been used to define the sequence requirements for glucocorticoid induction of gene expression. The original LTR-tk gene contains an entire mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) LTR preceding the tk gene. This gene can be expressed in a hormone-responsive fashion upon transfection into L tk - cells to produce a chimeric LTR-tk mRNA. Stepwise deletion of nuclcotide sequences 5′ of the viral RNA initiation site revealed that 202 nucleotides upstream of the viral cap site are sufficient for the hormonal regulation. Deletion of 5′ sequences up to 59 nucleotides upstream of the viral cap site abolished RNA initiation in the LTR and hormonal induction.
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