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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (47)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and reactivity of tRNA (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 163-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: All tRNA sequences so far known can be folded into a cloverleaf structure. Physical data and chemical reactions allow us to draw conclusions on secondary (cloverleaf) and tertiary structure. N-oxidation of adenosine to adenosine-1-N-oxide can be done with monoperphthalic acid in non-base-paired regions of polynucleotides and can be followed easily by changes in absorption of ultraviolet light. Thus this method can be used to determine the structure of tRNA's. A fingerprint of the N-oxidation product of tRNAyeastPhe reveals that all adenosine residues are protected except the 3′-terminal adenosine and the three adenosine residues in or adjacent to the anticodon. On this basis a conformation of tRNAyeastPhe is proposed. Similar tertiary structures can be constructed for the other tRNA's. In order to connect tertiary structure of a tRNA and recognition by its aminoacylating enzyme, the rate of aminoacylation, as a function of temperature, was measured. Neither changes in the anticodon nor specific changes at the 3′-terminal adenosine abolish aminoacylation. Single crystals of tRNAyeastPhe were obtained from aqueous solutions upon addition of various organic solvents.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740416
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of cilia from porcine tracheal epithelium and extraction of dynein arms (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: respiratory cilia ; dynein ; ATPases ; porcine trachea ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Milligram amounts of mammalian ciliary axonemes were isolated from porcine tracheas. These were reactivated upon addition of ATP, indicating intact functional capability with a mean beat frequency at 37°C of 8.2 Hz. Electron microscopy showed typical ultrastructure of the isolated demembranated axonemes. Electrophoresis into polyacrylamide gradient gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed reproducible protein profiles from ten different tracheal preparations. Four major protein bands were observed in the 300-330 K molecular weight region, as well as tubulin at 51-54K. Extraction of the isolated tracheal axonemes with 0.6M KCl removed the outer dynein arms seen in electron microscopic cross-section of axonemes, preferentially solubilized two of the high molecular weight proteins at 320 and 330 K, and resulted in a three- to four-fold increase in ATPase specific activity. Sedimentation of the dialyzed salt extract on a 5-30% sucrose density gradient and subsequent fractionation yielded two peaks of ATPase activity. The faster migrating, 19S major ATPase peak correlated with the 320 and 330 K proteins, and two other proteins at 81 and 67 K. The slower sedimenting, 12S minor ATPase peak corresponded to a 308 K protein and two smaller proteins at 33 and 48 K. Thus, the outer dynein arm of tracheal cilia appeared to be associated with at least two high molecular weight proteins. These results demonstrate that adequate quantities of functionally intact axonemes can be reproducibly isolated from porcine tracheas, allowing further fractionation and analysis of mammalian cilia.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endoreduplication of nuclear DNA in the developing maize endosperm (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Flow cytometry ; polytenization ; C value ; fluorescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to analyze the development of the endosperm in Zea mays L. during the period from 8 to 20 days after pollination (dap). Nuclear size, DNA content per nucleus, and frequencies of nuclei with varying properties were measured in preparations that included all of the endosperm nuclei of single kernels of the inbred strain Al88. Characteristics of nuclear populations from different kernels on the same ear showed minimal variation. The dynamic changes of non-mitotic cells involved in endosperm development consisted of alternating periods of DNA replication with non-replication. Seven rounds of DNA replication had occurred in some nuclei in the later developmental stages with the rate averaging approximately one round per 24-hour period. Analysis of the DNA levels in the nuclei showed an exact doubling pattern indicating an endoreduplication process, that is, replication of the entire genome during each round. The loosely organized polytenization of the chromatin occurred to varying extents among the nuclei within an endosperm. A weak positive correlation existed between DNA content and size of nuclei suggesting that DNA increases and nuclear growth may not be highly coordinated in this tissue. Increased proportions of the larger nuclei occurred in the later stages of endosperm development. Considering the entire endosperm, the average DNA content per nucleus at the 15-dap peak level was approximately 12.8 C constituting a 2.7-fold overall increase from 8 dap.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Experiment: Dünnschichtchromatographie der Lipide des Säugetierserums (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 8 (1978), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19780080107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der „Ames-Test“ zum Aufspüren mutagener und cancerogener Stoffe (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 9 (1979), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19790090404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Experiment: Steuerung der Abflugmagenfüllung bei der Honigbiene (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 9 (1979), S. 123-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19790090408
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lautbildung bei Fischen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 11 (1981), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19810110205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Experiment: Ein Blick ins Fliegengehirn: Golgi-gefärbte Nervenzellen bei Drosophila (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 11 (1981), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19810110607
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weg- und Zielfindung wachsender Nervenfasern -  im Sehsystem von Fliegen und Fischen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 19 (1989), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Der Vergleich der Weg- und Zielfindung von Sehfasern bei Fliegen und Fischen ist attraktiv, da die wachsenden Nervenfasern trotz der verschiedenen Augenformen möglicherweise vergleichbare Strategien verwenden. Es ist sogar möglich, daß die grundlegenden Mechanismen der Zellerkennung bereits so früh in der Evolution erworben wurden, daß homologe molekulare Komponenten bei Vertebraten und Invertebraten hieran beteiligt sind.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19890190505
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetische Ressourcen von Wildpflanzenarten beleben die Kulturpflanzenzüchtung (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 28 (1998), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Die Entwicklung der heute in der Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau genutzten Kulturpflanzen ist eine der wichtigsten Leistungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit. Züchterische Maßlig;nahmen des Menschen haben zum Ziel, Pflanzen so zu verändern, daßlig; sie besser an seine Bedürfnisse angepaßlig;t sind. Die Eingriffe durch Züchtung nennt man „gelenkte Evolution“. Ausgehend von wild vorkommenden Arten hat der Mensch Nutzpflanzen geschaffen, die ohne seine Hilfe in der freien Natur auf Dauer nur geringe überlebenschancen hätten. Neben den Nutzpflanzen findet man in der Natur noch viele wilde Arten, die mit den Kulturpflanzen verwandt sind und sich häufig mit ihnen kreuzen lassen. Die wilden Arten verfügen über ein genetisches Potential, auf das in den letzten Jahren immer häufiger zurückgegriffen worden ist, um Zuchtziele des Menschen zu verwirklichen. Vor allem müssen ständig neue Resistenzen gegen Krankheiten und Schädlinge gefunden werden, um dem Infektionsdruck der Krankheitserreger zu widerstehen. Aber auch Gene für Toleranz gegenüber abiotischem Streßlig;, wie Kälte, Dürre, Salz oder Aluminiumtoxizität, sind in den Wildarten vorhanden. Sie können in die Kulturpflanzen eingekreuzt werden, um sie gegen diese Streßlig;faktoren widerstandsfähiger zu machen.Voraussetzung für den Gentransfer von einer Wildart in eine Kulturart ist ihre Kreuzbarkeit. Darüber hinaus mußlig; im Kreuzungsbastard crossing over zwischen homologen Chromosomen gewährleistet sein. Wenn die Chromosomen nicht zu natürlichem crossing over in der Lage sind, können genetische Paarungsmechanismen in der Meiose eingesetzt werden, die zu dem gewünschten Gentransfer führen.Im folgenden soll anhand von drei Beispielen die Bedeutung des genetischen Potentials wilder und verwandter Pflanzenarten für die Verbesserung der Krankheitsresistenz und Inhaltsstoffe sowie Toleranz gegen abiotischen Streßlig; bei Kulturpflanzen demonstriert werden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.960280606
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