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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and modification of D7 protein during Xenopusoocyte maturation (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 32 (1992), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Maternal mRNA ; Oocyte maturation ; Protein modification ; MPF ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Xenopus maternal mRNA D7 is translationally repressed during oogenesis, only becoming recruited into polysomes during oocyte maturation, with D7 protein being detectable for the first time prior to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). The synthesis of D7 protein was found to be induced by a variety of maturation-promoting agents including cyclin, c-mos and crude preparations of MPF. D7 protein induced by all these agents is post-translationally modified and exists as a number of variants of differing molecular weight. In contrast to endogenous D7 mRNA, D7 RNA injected into the stage VI oocyte is efficiently translated, resulting in the accumulation of predominantly unmodified D7 polypeptides, which become increasingly modified during oocyte maturation to produce a pattern of polypeptides similar to those derived from endogenous D7 mRNA. Thus, the system that results in the post-translational modification of the D7 protein is itself activated during oocyte maturation. The nature of the protein modification is not known but does not appear to be phosphorylation. The translation of exogenous D7 RNA in the stage VI oocyte does not lead to translational derepression of endogenous D7 mRNA.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080320315
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycogen breakdown in cleaving xenopus embryos is limited by ADP (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 32 (1992), S. 354-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Glycolysis, Embryos, Metabolism, Pyruvate kinase, Malic enzyme ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Xenopus eggs contain large stores of glycogen, but this glycogen is not glycolytically processed during cleavage. The Embden-Meyerhof pathway is inhibited by the absence of pyruvate kinase activity in vivo, and lactate and pyruvate are present at relatively low levels. In the late blastula, just preceding gastrulation, lactate levels increase, indicating the onset of glycogen breakdown and glycolytic flux. Glycolysis from microinjected [14C]glucose-6-phosphate could be transiently activated, however, by the coinjection of ADP into fertilized eggs, and constitutively activated by the injection of the ATPase potato apyrase, indicating the presence of all enzymes necessary for glycolytic activity. The isozyme profiles of pyruvate kinase and malic enzyme, two enzymes involved in carbon metabolism during cleavage or in the subsequent activation of glycogen breakdown, do not change between the egg and gastrula stages. These data suggest that the activation of glycogen breakdown and glycolysis in the late blastula is probably not a result of new gene activity but may be the metabolic consequence of increased free ADP that is then able to support the pyruvate kinase reaction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080320408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functions of maternal mRNA in early development (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 26 (1990), S. 261-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Egg mRNA ; Translational control ; Drosophila ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this review, the types of mRNAs found in oocytes and eggs of several animal species, particularly Drosophila, marine invertebrates, frogs, and mice, are described. The roles that proteins derived from these mRNAs play in early development are discussed, and connections between maternally inherited information and embryonic pattern are sought. Comparisons between genetically identified maternally expressed genes in Drosophila and maternal mRNAs biochemically characterized in other species are made when possible. Regulation of the meiotic and early embryonic cell cycles is reviewed, and translational control of maternal mRNA following maturation and/or fertilization is discussed with regard to specific mRNAs.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080260310
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation and specificity of MNDA expression in monocytes, macrophages, and leukemia/B lymophoma cell lines (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 559-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: human ; myeloid ; nuclear ; differentiation ; chronic myeloid leukemia ; Burkitt's lymphoma ; Epstein-Barr virus ; interferon-α ; PHA ; phorbol ester ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) was observed specifically in cells of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage in our earlier reports. The specificity of MNDA expression for cells in the granulocyte-macrophage lineage was reexamined in cell line established from patients with philadelphia chromosome-positive chroni myeloid leukemia. Cell lines that expressed MNDA exhibited myeloid cell features and granulocyte or monocyte defferentiation could be induced in vitro, while cell lines exhibiting properties of very early stage cells of multipotential cells ded not express MNDA. Cells orginating from cases of burkitt's lymphoma were negative. By contrast, three Iymphoblastoid cell lines (immortalized in vitro with Epstein-Barr virus) were weakly positive and MNDA was up-regulated by interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment. As we reported previously, MNDA mRNA level in adherent monocytes is elevated by IFN-α; in this study, we further assessed MNDA expression in in vitro monocyte-derived macrophages. Three addditional agents (endotoxin, phytohemagglutinin, and photbol ester) and other conditions that affect function, cutokine production, defferentiation, and/of growth of monocytes were examined for their ability to alter MNDA expression. The results varied with the agent, cell type, and stage of differentiation. Changes in MNDA expression occurred slowly (hours to days), suggesting that MNDA could mediate changes realized over a long period. The results also reveal a discordance in certain MNDA Positiva cells between steady-state levels of changes in levels of protein and mRNA indicating that the regulation of MNDA expression occurs at more than one point. Changes in MNDA expression are consistent with a role in opposing macrophage defferentiation and activation of monocytes/macrophages.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240560417
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon α selectively affects expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen in late stage cells in the monocytic but not the granulocytic lineage (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 54 (1994), S. 198-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: granulocytes ; monocytes ; human myeloid cell lines ; retinoic acid ; phorbol ester ; mRNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is expressed constitutively in cells of the myeloid lineage, appearing in myeloblast cells in some cases of acute myeloid leukemia and consistently being detected in promyelocyte stage cells as well as in all later stage cells including peripheral blood monocytes and granulocytes. The human myeloid leukemia cell lines, HL-60, U937, and THP-1, express similar levels of immunochemically detectable MNDA. Although, the level of MNDA mRNA in primary monocytes is very low it was up-regulated at 6 h following the addition of interferon α. The effect of interferon α on the MNDA mRNA is also observed in the cell lines HL-60, U937, and THP-1. The MNDA mRNA level in primary granulocytes was unaffected by addition of interferon α and other agents including interferon γ, endotoxin, poly (I) · poly (C), and FMLP. The MNDA mRNA level in the myeloid cell lines was also unaffected by the latter four agents. Induction of differentiation in the myeloid cell lines with phorbol ester induces monocyte differentiation which was accompanied by a decrease in MNDA mRNA level. This reduced level of mRNA could then be elevated with subsequent interferon α treatment. The effects of phorbol ester on MNDA mRNA appeared to be associated with induced differentiation since inhibiting cell proliferation did not alter the level of MNDA mRNA and cell cycle variation in MNDA mRNA levels were not observed. The ability of interferon α to up-regulate MNDA mRNA in phorbol ester treated myeloid cell lines is consistent with the observations made in primary monocytes. Granulocyte differentiation induced by retinoic acid treatment of HL-60 cells did not alter the MNDA mRNA level which was also unchanged following subsequent treatment with interferon α. The lack of interferon α effects on retinoic acid treated HL-60 cells is consistent with its inability to influence MNDA mRNA level in primary granulocytes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240540208
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