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  • 1
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Single-crystal sapphire ; Oxygen-annealing ; RHEED ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Annealed (0001) surfaces of single-crystal sapphire (α-Al2O3) rod have been studied in the electron microscope using reflection electron microscopy (REM), scanning reflection electron microscopy (SREM), and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Annealed surfaces of (0001) sapphire are vicinal and characterized by close-packed (0001)-oriented terraces separated by faceted multiple-height steps, with edges parallel to energetically preferred low-index directions (〈101―0〉 and 〈112―0〉). These structural features are not seen on cleaved surfaces or polished surfaces treated at temperatures 〈 1,250°C. Oxygen-annealing produces clean surfaces which prove useful for investigating the interaction of deposited metals with the (0001) sapphire. Both REM and SREM (with microdiffraction spots) techniques have been used to observe fine structure of flat Ag islands on the scale of 1 - 100 nm on the (0001)-oriented terraces as well as aggregations at the steps. A preliminary result on interaction with Cu is also included.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 10-22 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Relationships ; TEM and REM images ; Surface structural features ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Oxygen-annealed surfaces of sapphire with low Miller indices ((0001), {1010}, {1120}, {1011}) have been studied in both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and reflection electron microscopy (REM) configurations. The significance of REM diffraction conditions for the determination of the nature of the step heights is discussed. The relationship between the TEM and REM images is explained. The structural features are those that might be expected from considerations of the atom arrangement in the low Miller index planes. The structural features on the surfaces varied with respect to annealing temperature and surface condition. Thermally stable structures that might appear from consideration of the equilibrium-annealing temperature are proposed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Electron Ronchigrams ; Numerical reconstruction ; Lens aberrations ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In a dedicated STEM instrument equipped with a field emission gun, shadow images are easily obtained and have many uses. They are very sensitive to misalignment of the instrument and astigmatism, and therefore can be used for rapid and accurate alignment of the microscope. For crystalline materials, the shadow image contains both the bright-field and dark-field images. It is a summation of the transmitted and diffracted beams, and is basically a kind of Gabor's in-line hologram. Under small or medium defocus, shadow images of a thin, well-orientated crystalline specimen take the characteristic form of Ronchigrams, which offer a unique means to calibrate the microscope operation parameters, such as the spherical aberration coefficient Cs and defocus settings of the objective lens, with high accuracy. With the calibrated values of Cs and δ, a transfer function of the objective lens may be generated. In the stage of numerical reconstruction, by adapting this transfer function to the experimentally recorded hologram the lens aberration introduced in forming the hologram may be corrected and an improved resolution may be achieved for electron microscope images. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 20 (1992), S. 426-438 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Reflection high energy electron diffraction ; Surface topography ; Chemical polishing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We have employed several different methods to prepare (100) and (111) surfaces of MgO crystals. (100) surfaces prepared by simple cleaving give good reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns and surfaces with a high density of coarse steps. Chemical polishing of this surface results in a roughening of the topography whilst annealing in oxygen considerably smoothens the surfaces although they appear to be contaminated. Under certain conditions we find that the MgO crystals will cleave along the (111) plane. Both cleaved and mechanically polished (111) surfaces are atomically flat and reconstructed after oxygen annealing.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 20 (1992), S. 413-425 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: REM ; RHEED ; Surface resonance condition ; Contrast splitting ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The double line contrast of a single-atom height step observed in surface imaging for a single crystal in reflection electron microscopy is studied under a variety of experimental conditions. It is suggested that this abnormal contrast is directly associated with the dynamical electron diffraction process. The behavior of the double line contrast is closely related to the order of the Bragg reflected beam, and can be observed mostly under one of the two commonly cited resonance conditions. This phenomenon clearly reveals the differences in the surface imaging for various resonance conditions.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 341-345 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Magnetic domains ; Thin films ; Iron ; Cobalt ; Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Annular detector ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A simplified mode of differential phase contrast Lorentz microscopy for the study of magnetic domain structures in thin films is proposed and demonstrated. This mode employs a single annular detector in a scanning transmission electron microscope rather than the specialized split detectors that have been previously used. The resulting signal is sufficiently linear with magnetic field strength to allow quantitative data to be obtained on the domain configurations and the natures of the domain walls. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 117-135 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) the position of submandibular glands in the neck, on either side of the trachea, more closely resembles that of rodents than that of other primates. The glands exhibit seromucous acini and mucous tubules with seromucous demilunes. Electron microscopy shows basal cytoplasmic folds and well-developed intercellular tissue spaces and canaliculi only in relation to seromucous cells. Greatly dilated cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and prominent Golgi membranes are characteristic of the mucous cells. The secretory granules of seromucous and mucous cells are morphologically distinct and indicate chemically different products for the two cell types. Histochemically, the seromucous cell shows the presence of acid mucosubstance as indicated by the PAS and Alcian blue techniques. Preliminary studies showed no appreciable quantity of amylase in submandibular glands. The intercalated duct cell is juxtaposed with the acinar cell or mucous tubule cell. Short luminal microvilli, prominent Golgi complexes and scant apical granules are notable features of intercalated duct cells. Four cell types compose the striated ducts, viz., granular light cells, agranular dark cells, vesiculated dark cells, and basal cells. Peripheral nerves are found in five different locations: in the connective tissue (interstitial), between adjacent myoepithelial and mucous-secreting cells, in the intercellular space between adjacent secretory cells, and between basal plications of striated ducts and between adjacent myoepithelial and intercalated duct cells.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 83-94 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Image contrast ; Inelastic scattering ; Thick specimens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: For scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images obtained with relatively small objective aperture sizes, the contrast of small objects contained within thick specimens may be considerably enhanced by using an off-axis detector aperture situated on the edge of the central beam spot. The effect is demonstrated for both crystalline and amorphous specimens. The effect arises because the detector collects part of the small angle inelastic scattering and is modified by refraction effects for specimens of rapidly changing thickness.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 25-44 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron diffraction ; Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Microdiffraction ; In-line holography ; Small particles ; Crystal structure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Because of the high brightness of the cold field emission source used in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) instrument, it is possible to focus electrons to a cross-over of width 3Å or less and, with a suitable detection system, to obtain diffraction patterns from specimen regions of this size or greater. Coherent interference effects are visible in shadow images (in-line holograms) and in convergent beam diffraction patterns. Special techniques have been developed for gathering information from the diffraction patterns for application to the study of the structures of crystal defects, crystal surfaces and small particles. Possibilities have been explored for holographic reconstruction from shadow images.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 43-53 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ewald sphere ; Refraction ; Specular reflection ; Double diffraction ; Diffraction geometry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A three-dimensional analysis in reciprocal space is used to analyse reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns. Particular emphasis is placed on investigating the surface resonance phenomenon, the resonance conditions, and the diffraction mechanisms. The surface resonance regions defined by the resonance beam threshold conditions are related to the limits for the specular reflection spot in the diffraction pattern. The introduction of an Ewald sphere of varying radius is shown to be useful in understanding the surface phenomenon. Simulations based on the geometric theory, taking account of the surface refraction effect, describe very well the RHEED pattern geometry from the (111) surface of a platinum single crystal.
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