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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle differentiation and macromolecular synthesisThis investigation was supported by grant HD-00047 from the National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 19-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytodifferentiation of skeletal muscle has been studied in cell cultures derived from leg muscle of 12-day chicken embryos. Myogenesis in cell culture closely simulates myogenesis in vivo, but is more highly synchronized. Massive cell fusion occurs in control cultures between the second and third days in vitro, during which time most of the myoblasts are swept into syncytia. On successive days, the syncytia mature into cross-striated muscle fibers, and the cultures are progressively overgrown by fibroblastic cells. Myosin-containing cells can be detected at any time by immunofluorescence, and myosin has been measured by quantitative immunological precipitation as early as 3 days in vitro, a few hours after fusion. Myosin in the cultures increases over the next few days, and this is reflected in the rate of incorporation of labeled amino acids into immunologically precipitable myosin. Creatine kinase, assayed spectrophotometrically by linked dehydrogenase reactions, shows a similar pattern: measurable early but rapidly increasing in activity after fusion. That this increase in myosin and creatine kinase is strictly a function of the multinuclear cells is demonstrated by experiments in which the mononuclear cell population has been drastically reduced by treatment with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine shortly after fusion. Myosin synthesis has not been detectable in cells prevented from fusing by growth in 5-bromo-deoxyuridine, but low levels of creatine kinase have been demonstrated. Newly formed muscle fibers incorporate precursors into RNA at lower rates than do mononuclear cells. The relationship of this change in RNA synthesis to the formation of muscle proteins remains obscure.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040720404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional diversity among spectrin isoforms (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 225-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: spectrin ; ankyrin ; protein 4.1 ; membrane skeleton ; spectrin-filament interaction ; fodrin ; adducin ; calpactin I ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this review on spectrin is to examine the functional properties of this ubiquitous family of membrane skeletal proteins. Major topics include spectrin-membrane linkages, spectrin-filament linkages, the subcellular localization of spectrins in various cell types and a discussion of major functional differences between erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins. This includes a summary of studies from our own laboratories on the functional and structural comparison of avian spectrin isoforms which are comprised of a common alpha subunit and a tissue-specific beta subunit. Consequently, the observed differences among these spectrins can be assigned to differences in the properties of the beta subunits.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120405
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contributions of the β-subunit to spectrin structure and function (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 248-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: ankyrin ; adducin ; protein 4.1 ; correlation length ; flexural rigidity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The three avian spectrins that have been characterized consist of a common α-subunit (240 kD) paired with an isoform-specific β-subunit from either erythrocyte (220 or 230 kD), brain (235 kD), or intestinal brush border (260 kD). Analysis of avian spectrins, with their naturally occurring “subunit replacement” has proved useful in assessing the relative contribution of each subunit to spectrin function. In this study we have completed a survey of avian spectrin binding properties and present morphometric analysis of the relative flexibility and linearity of various avian and human spectrin isoforms. Evidence is presented that, like its mammalian counterpart, avian brain spectrin binds human erythroid ankyrin with low affinity. Cosedimentation analysis demonstrates that (1) avian erythroid protein 4.1 stimulates spectrin-actin binding of both mammalian and avian erythrocyte and brain spectrins, but not the TW 260/240 isoform, (2) calpactin I does not potentiate actin binding of either TW 260/240 or brain spectrin, and (3) erythrocyte adducin does not stimulate the interaction of TW 260/240 with actin.In addition, a morphometric analysis of rotary-shadow images of spectrin isoforms, individual subunits, and reconstituted complexes from isolated subunits was performed. This analysis revealed that the overall flexibility and linearity of a given spectrin heterodimer and tetramer is largely determined by the intrinsic rigidity and linearity of its β-spectrin subunit. No additional rigidity appears to be imparted by noncovalent associations between the subunits. The scaled flexural rigidity of the most rigid spectrin analyzed (human brain) is similar to that reported for F-actin.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120406
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of dexamethasone-inducible tyrosine aminotransferase activity in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial stemlike cells cultured in the presence of sodium butyrate (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 161 (1994), S. 463-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sodium butyrate acts as a differentiation-promoting agent for a wide variety of cell types, including some tumor cell lines. In this study, we examined the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on the functional differentiation of cultured WB-F344 rat liver epithelial stemlike cells. Treatment of WB-F344 cells with 3.75 mM SB resulted in an inhibition of cellular proliferation, alterations to normal cellular morphology (increased cell size and decreased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio), and significant increases in cellular protein synthesis. The SB-mediated changes in cell morphology, proliferative status, and protein catabolism were accompanied by development of dexamethasone-inducible tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) enzyme activity. Culture of WB-F344 cells in growth medium containing SB and dexamethasone (DEX; 1 × 10-6 M) resulted in greater than sevenfold increase in the basal TAT activity compared with control cultures. An additional sixfold increase in TAT activity was observed when cells cultured in medium containing SB and DEX were exposed to 1 × 10-7 M DEX during the last 24 hours of culture. The DEX-inducible TAT activity developed by SB-treated WB-F344 cells responded to the modulating effects of insulin and L-tyrosine in a manner that closely resembled that reported for cultured hepatocytes and hepatoma cell lines. These studies show that treatment of WB-F344 rat liver epithelial stemlike cells with the differentiation-promoting agent SB in vitro leads to expression of the differentiation-specific hepatocyte enzyme TAT. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041610309
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum response elements mediate protein kinase C dependent transcriptional induction of early growth response gene-1 by arginine vasopressin in rat mesangial cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 159 (1994), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulates glomerular hemodynamics, alters extracellular matrix production, and induces proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). Therefore, AVP may play a role in glomerular sclerosis and the progression of chronic renal failure. To investigate changes in early gene expression which may link intracellular biochemical events with changes in MC phenotype following AVP stimulation, we studied expression of the Early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1). Nuclear run off assays demonstrate that AVP induces Egr-1 at the tran-scriptional level. Transcriptional induction was, like induction of mitogenesis, dependent upon activation of protein kinase C (PK C). Promoter deletion analysis revealed that the region critical for Egr-1 inducibility by AVP contained several serum response element (SRE) consensus sequences. Sequential deletion of these SREs led to a drop in AVP-stimulated promoter activity. AVP was also able to stimulate transcription from a construct containing an Egr-1 SRE upstream of a heterologous promoter and this effect required activation of PK C. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, using an Egr-1 SRE as probe, demonstrate up to four protein-SRE complexes of differing size that undergo modest quantitative changes following AVP stimulation. These data in MCs suggest that upstream SREs mediate transcriptional induction of Egr-1 by AVP in a PK C-dependent fashion and that changes in DNA-protein interaction involving the SREs may be in part responsible for this effect. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041590214
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How plants live and breathe. The physiology and biochemistry of plant respiration. Edited by J. M. Palmer, Cambridge University Press, 1984. Pp. 195. $30 (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 4 (1986), S. 185-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950040411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pink-eyed dilution alleles affect negative surface charges of mouse spermatozoa (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: pink-eyed dilution locus ; spermatozoa ; sialic acid residues ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abnormal spermiogenesis in sterile pink-eyed dilution mutants results in spermatozoa with bizarre sperm heads. The spermatozoa of normal mice bind colloidal iron hydroxide (CIH) along the length of the tail, yet the spermatozoa of pink-eyed sterile mice show a great reduction in ability to bind CIH. This implies a loss of negative surface charges. The group(s) responsible for the charges are sensitive to methylation but resistant to neuraminidase treatment, even after deacetylation with alkaline treatment. The membrane components containing the negatively charged groups may be neuraminidase-resistant forms of gangliosides.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields and risk of human cancer (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 11 (1990), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: E fields ; H fields ; cancer ; epidemiology ; occupational ; residential ; study designs ; exposure assessment ; guidelines ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The reported association between the risk of human cancer and exposure to 50- or 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields is difficult to evaluate from studies published to date. The association is now being reexamined in several large epidemiologic studies. In most of the studies, exposure will be assessed with newly designed, portable meters that allow direct and precise measurements of exposure to be performed easily for large numbers of individuals. The main features of the studies are summarized. At a meeting of principal investigators held in 1988 at the International Agency for Research on Cancer, broad guidelines were agreed for the design of this new generation of studies. These guidelines should improve the comparability of results and eventually provide a clearer assessment of human-cancer risk from exposure to extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250110110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation and conduction in crustacean single motor axons (1954)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 43 (1954), S. 133-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030430203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of potassium chloride on the excitability and conduction of the lobster single nerve fiber (1955)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 45 (1955), S. 273-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030450209
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