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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Video analysis of chemotactic locomotion of stored human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: PMN chemotaxis ; PMN storage ; PMN locomotion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies of the storage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have used an empirical approach to define “optimal” conditions. To date, no storage conditions have been described which satisfactorily preserve the chemotactic function of PMNs beyond 24 h. In an effort to define the precise nature of the storage lesion, we studied the chemotactic locomotion of freshly isolated PMNs and PMNs which had been suspended in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPD-Al) plasma and stored in PVC bags, at 20-22°C for 24 h. We used time-lapse video recording and computer image analysis to quantitate the motion of PMNs migrating under agarose. The positions of individual motile cells were traced at 1-min intervals for 5 min. The following parameters were used to quantitate migration: (1) speed (distance/min), (2)) persistence of locomotion index (velocity/speed), (3) orientation angle (the angle of the vector describing the next displacement of a cell relative lo a direct line toward the chemoattractant), and (4) chemotropic index (cosine of the orientation angle). After 24 h of storage, the following changes were observed: (1) fewer cells migrated, (2) (he speed of migrating cells was reduced by 25%, (3) the persistence of locomotion index decreased by 7%, which indicates that migrating cells made slightly more/wider turns, and (4) the chemotropic index was decreased by 30%, which indicates that migrating cells were less accurate in their orientation toward the chemoattractant. Apparently, the storage of PMNs selectively impairs the ability of some cells to orient accurately in a chemotactic gradient and changes the distribution of these locomotor parameters within the population.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060507
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphic assembly of subtilisin-cleaved tubulin (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubule assembly ; proleolysis ; Vinca drugs ; Zn2+-induced assembly ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Limited proteolysis of tubulin with subtilisin results in cleavage of both the α and β subunits, releasing small peptides from the C-terminal ends. At 37°C the digested tubulin assembles into polymorphic structures: microtubules with attached ribbons in the presence of GTP, rings in the presence of GDP, and protofilament spirals in the presence of vinblastine. Undigested tubulin does not assemble under these conditions. Rings and Vinca-induced spiral structures are assembled from undigested tubulin only when microtubule-associated proteins, high Mg2+ concentrations, or polycations are present. Thus, cleavage with subtilisin affects assembly in a manner similar to the addition of these agents. It appears that binding of positively charged substances may act by neutralizing the charge on the highly acidic C-terminal regions of the α- and β-subunits, while cleavage with subtilisin produces the same effect by removing these peptides. Undigested and subtilisin-digested tubulin form sheets of protofilaments in the presence of Zn2+, which indicates that the binding sites for the 2-3 Zn2+ ions necessary to induce sheet formation do not reside in the C-terminal regions of the monomers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in senescent fibroblasts from normal subjects and those with Werner syndrome (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 161 (1994), S. 571-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We previously reported that plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) mRNA was present at higher steady-state levels in prematurely senescent fibroblasts derived from a subject with Werner syndrome (WS) compared to early passage (EP) fibroblasts from an age-matched normal subject (Murano et al., 1991, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3905-3914). To explore the generality of this phenomenon with respect to chronological age of donor (in vivo aging) and the late-passage (LP) or senescent phase of the fibroblast replicative lifespan, we assayed PAI-1 mRNA in cells and PAI-1 antigen in medium conditioned by 20 normal fibroblast strains at EP and LP and six WS strains during their curtailed replicative lifespans. The lowest accumulations of PAI-1 were found in medium conditioned by fetal and newborn cells with a shallow but progressive rise seen in postnatal cells from normal donors of increasing chronological age. With few exceptions, normal LP fibroblasts showed increased PAI-1 accumulations in medium compared to their EP counterparts. Conditioned medium from four of the six WS strains showed PAI-1 accumulations that were significantly higher than the media of any normal controls at EP and LP. PAI-1 mRNA levels were generally commensurate with the cumulative amount of PAI-1 in the medium but the frequent exceptions indicate that translational and post-translational mechanisms also regulate PAI-1 output. The augmentation in PAI-1 output of fibroblasts as a direct function of chronological age and during in vitro senescence suggests that PAI-1 may play an important role in the reduced capacity for wound healing and the increasing tendency to thrombogenesis and atherogenesis seen during biological aging and in particular in persons with Werner syndrome. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041610321
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences of Ca2+ regulation in skin fibroblasts from blacks and whites (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 138 (1989), S. 367-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Black people have a higher propensity than caucasions toward essential hypertension. To explore the possibility that this racial difference relates to cellular Ca2+ metabolism, we measured 45Ca2+ washout and uptake and cytosolic free concentration of Ca2+ [Ca2+], in serially passed skin fibroblasts from normotensive black and white males. Depending on the experimental conditions, 45Ca2+ washout in these cells was described by either two or three exponential functions, whereas 45Ca2+ uptake was described only by a two-exponent function. There were no racial differences in 45Ca2+ uptake and washout of unstimulated fibroblasts. However, stimulation by human serum resulted in an increase in the 45Ca2+ washout that was higher in fibroblasts from blacks than from whites. The racial differences were expressed primarily by higher values of the apparent washout rate constant (k1) of 45Ca2+ from the largest and most rapidly exchangeable cellular pool. The effect of human serum was not related to its origin (blacks vs. whites). In 2 mM Ca2+ medium and 10% serum from blacks, the respective k1 (mean ± SEM; × 10-2/min) values for fibroblasts from blacks and whites were 89.68 ± 5.23 and 73.29 ± 4.0; in the presence of 10% serum from whites, the k1 values for cells from blacks and whites were 84.14 ± 2.80 and 76.36 ± 3.23 (overall significance of P .01). In Ca2+-deficient medium in the presence of 10% human serum, the k1 for fibroblasts from blacks and whites were 115.57 ± 3.76 and 102.15 ± 3.30 (P 〈 .05). Serum substantially increased the 45Ca2+ uptake in fibroblasts from both blacks and whites; however, racial differences were not observed. Basal levels of [Ca2+], were not different in fibroblasts of blacks vs. whites (46.8 ± 6.8 and 43.2 ± 7.1 nM for blacks and whites, respectively). However, the peak response of Ca2+ transients for cell stimulated by 5% human serum was significantly higher in blacks than whites (blacks = 963 ± 213, whites = 481 ± 162 nM; P = .0286). We conclude that Ca2+ regulation is different in serum-stimulated fibroblasts from blacks and whites and that, at least in part, this difference may relate to a greater agonist-induced mobilization of Ca2+ in fibroblasts from blacks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041380220
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Area and volume changes in hemolysis of single erythrocytesThe investigation was supported by a grant of the Life Insurance Medical Research Fund. (1963)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 61 (1963), S. 245-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030610306
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The basis of the principle of the master reaction in biology (1936)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 9 (1936), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030090102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of microtubules and microtubule organizing centers of the vertebrate olfactory neuron (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 23 (1992), S. 142-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Ultrastructure ; Microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The olfactory neuron is specialized along its length into highly determined morphological regions. These regions include the dendritic cilia, dendritic vesicle, dendritic shaft proper, perikaryon, axon, zone of transition where the axon widens as it approaches its termination, and the axon terminal. Except for the zone of transition and the terminal, characteristic populations of microtubules occur in these compartments. In the olfactory vesicle, three discrete microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) nucleate microtubules: the basal body, the lateral foot associated with the body, and dense masses of nearby material. Little is known about MTOCs elsewhere in the neuron, although the polarity of the axonal microtubules indicate that they originate at or near the perikaryon. An attempt is made to summarize what is known of the origin, structure, distribution, and function of microtubules in vertebrate olfactory neurons, which are useful model systems in which to study microtubules. Information about olfactory neuron microtubules may be applicable to neurons in general (e.g., the discovery that axons contain microtubules of uniform polarity was first made in the olfactory neuron) or to microtubules in other eukaryotic cells. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070230205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gametogenesis and fertilization in the frog lung fluke, Haematoloechus medioplexus Stafford (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae) (1960)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 107 (1960), S. 93-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051070107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of normal and alloxan-treated islet cells of the pancreas of the lizard, Eumeces fasciatusThis research was supported by a grant from the University Research Committee. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 118 (1966), S. 91-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Alpha and beta cells can be distinguished by differences in mitochondrial and secretion granule structure. Many mitochondria of alpha cells possess “tubular” or prismatic cristae oriented longitudinally and having triangular profiles in cross-section. The matrix is particulate, with the roughly spherical particles measuring about 100 A in diameter. Evidence is presented indicating that alpha and beta granules are sequestrated in association with Golgi elements. Fully-condensed beta granules, assumed to be insulin, appear homogeneously dense and crystalline. Recurrent profiles of crystalline beta granules suggest that they possess an octahedral configuration. Alpha cell granules also appear homogeneously dense but have round profiles.Many acinar cell nuclei in both normal and alloxan-treated pancreata display masses of moderately dense fibrils oriented roughly parallel to each other. These fibrils are about 200 A across and their terminal portions are rebranched and often appear to be continuous with the finely granular or filamentous component of the nucleoplasm. Not infrequently the fibrils show evidence of periodicity.Alloxan has a specific destructive effect on beta cells. An initial effect seems to be the disruption and coalescence of the bounding membranes of beta granules. Lysosome-like bodies are often seen in beta cell cytoplasm, which ultimately becomes degranulated and necrotic following prolonged administration of large doses of alloxan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051180107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic studies of the compound eye of the toadbug, Gelastocoris oculatus (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 233-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are eight retinula cells in the ommatidium of the compound eye of the toadbug (Gelastocoris oculatus), two of which are central in position. Along the axial sides of the six peripheral retinula cells expand six cytoplasmic processes from the apical crystalline cone cells. These processes, which contain longitudinally-oriented microtubules, are associated with all eight retinula cells by means of desmosomal junctions. In addition to providing structural support, the possibility is set forth that the interconnecting cone processes might also serve to functionally integrate the retinula cells of an ommatidium. The eight retinula cells possess microvillus surfaces, which are especially prominent in the six peripheral cells, where they extend into the lumen of the ommatidium. There is evidence of pinocytotic activity at the bases of microvilli. Multivesicular bodies are present in the cytoplasm of retinula cells, and the means by which these bodies might be elaborated are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270208
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