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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of GTP-cyclohydrolase I mRNA expression by lectin activation and interferon-γ treatment in human cells associated with the immune response (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 156 (1993), S. 12-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis during lectin stimulation of resting human T lymphocytes (Kerler et al. [1989] FEBS Lett., 250:622-624), the interferon-γ induced neopterin production by human monocytes/macrophages (Huber et al. [1984] J. Exp. Med., 160:310-16), and the control of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis in activated T cells by the synergistic action of interferon-γ and interleukin 2 (Ziegler et al. [1990] J. Biol. Chem., 265:17026-17030) were previously explained by modulation of the apparent GTP-cyclohydrolase I activation. In this study we demonstrate that increases in GTP-cyclohydrolase I activity which occur after lectin induction and after cytokine treatment correlate with increased steady state mRNA levels specific for this enzyme. The enhancement of interferon-γ induced enzyme activity in primed T cells by interleukin 2 also corresponds to further increases in mRNA expression. The steady state GTP-cyclohydrolase I mRNA levels in primed T cells, however, do not correlate with the steep decline which follows the culmination of enzyme activity 44 hours after treatment. This indicates that the down-regulation of apparent GTP-cyclohydrolase I activity is caused by posttranslational modification of the protein. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041560103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and expression of Ick transcripts in human lymphoid cells (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 38 (1988), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: lymphocyte signaling ; src gene family ; protein tyrosine kinases ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The murine Ick gene encodes a membrane-associated protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in lymphocyte oncogenesis. Here we report the structure of normal human Ick transcripts and the pattern of expression of these transcripts in developing thymus and in peripheral T cell subsets. The human Ick gene encodes a 509 amino acid polypeptide that is closely related to the murine Ickencoded protein throughout its length. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of human p56Ick demonstrates that an amino-terminal domain, widely divergent among the seven known src family members, has been conserved between murine and human p56Ick, and thus probably includes sequences crucial to the lymphocyte-specific function of this molecule. Human Ick transcripts were detected in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in partially purified B cells, and in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cell lines, but not in monocytes, granulocytes, or in nonhematopoietic cell types. Human Ick transcripts are readily detectable in fetal thymocytes at 70 days of gestation, but not at 57 days of gestation, indicating that Ick expression appears coordinately with the appearance of lymphoid cells in the developing thymus. Thus Ick gene expression is a marker for cells of the lymphocyte lineage in man. We conclude that the Ick gene probably participates in a signal transduction pathway uniquely present in lymphoid cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240380206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue engineering a blood vessel: Regulation of vascular biology by mechanical stresses (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 204-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: tissue engineering ; blood vessel ; vascular biology ; mechanical stresses ; hemodynamic effects ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Important to the tissue engineeping of a substitute blood vessel is an understanding of those faators which regulat vascular biology. A major factor in the mechanical environment imposed by the hemodynamics of the vascular system. In this the vascular endothelium play a critical role, and mver the past two deaades much has been learned about the influence of hemodynamics on vascular endothelial biology, to a large degree using cell culture to study the effects of flow and cyclic stretch. In our laboratory, such studies ape low being extended through the development of a model of the arterial wall involving the co-culture of endothelial cells and smomth muscle cells. The development of such a model and its use in the study of endothelial cells and smmooth muscle the evolution of approaaheq to tissue engileeping a blood vessel.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240560215
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the thymus of the mammal. VI. The vascular pattern of the thymus of the mouse and its changes during agingThis investigation was supported in part by a research grant from the National Cancer Institute, of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. (1952)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 91 (1952), S. 199-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050910202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pteridine formation during lectin-induced lymphocyte activation (1985)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 28 (1985), S. 197-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: pteridines ; biopterin ; 6-hydroxymethylpterin ; 6-formylpterin ; isoxanthopterin ; lymphocyte activation ; lectin stimulation ; cell proliferation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: After iodine oxidation, biopterin, 6-hydroxymethylpterin, and 6-formylpterin were identified in mouse spleen lymphocytes by means of reverse-phase HPLC, Crithidia assay, and oxidative degradation. Concanavalin A activation induces a 30-fold increase in the pteridine amounts; biopterin as well as the sum of the carbinol and the aldehyde attain levels of 6-8 × 10-12 mol/106 cells. The most rapid increase occurs during the first 24 hr. Thus, pteridine accumulation precedes the period of lymphocyte proliferation; maximum DNA synthesis was found after 72 hr. Biopterin remains largely inside the cells, whereas 6-hydroxymethylpterin and 6-formylpterin were found in the supernatant if the stimulated cells were subsequently incubated in a phosphate buffered salt solution (PBS). Isoxanthopterin was found in the PBS supernatant of control cells that previously were kept in medium alone rather than subjected to lectin stimulation. Only minimal amounts were found inside these cells, and this pterin was absent from the stimulated lymphocytes. The early increase in cellular pteridines and their differential release may well provide the basis for their modulating effect on interleukin-2 activity (Ziegler I, et al: Lymphokine Research 3:284, 1984).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240280303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of interleukin 2 high-affinity binding by lymphocyte-derived tetrahydrobiopterin: Pterins as potential participants in the control of interleukin 2 receptor assembly (1989)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 41 (1989), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: interleukin 2 binding ; high-affinity receptor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In this report, we have examined whether (6R)-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4biopterin) modulates the binding of interleukin 2 to high-affinity sites of the cloned mouse cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone CTLL-2. Scatchard plot analysis of the equilibrium binding data reveals increased affinity when the cells are exposed simultaneously to interleukin 2 and to the pterin. The Kd values are statistically significantly reduced from 1.4 × 10-11 M to 0.78 × 10-11 M interleukin 2. The dissociation kinetics of the ligand were followed at 4°C after equilibrium binding under high-affinity conditions (1.2 × 10-10M interleukin 2). In the presence of H4 biopterin, the dissociation rate constant (k-1) decreases from 6.2 × 10-3 min-1 to 3.0 × 10-3 min-1 and the half-time of dissociation increases from 106.8 min to 218.0 min. As a third approach interleukin 2 was bound to the surface of cells under high-affinity conditions by incubation in the cold and the internalization kinetics upon warming were determined. Sigmodial-shaped kinetics of endocytosis in control cells indicate that the internalization rates increase only gradually. The presence of H4 biopterin causes an apparent immediate transition from higher-order kinetics of a linear response so that maximum internalization rates are reached immediately upon warming. The data show that lymphocyte-derived H4 biopterin in vitro at concentrations ranging from 2-8 × 10-7M modulates interleukin 2 high-affinity binding and that H4 biopterin potentially participates in the control of interleukin 2 receptor assembly.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240410207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the tetrahydrobiopterin synthesizing system during maturation of murine reticulocytes (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 142 (1990), S. 268-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The enzymes of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis have been studied in murine bone marow, in spleen, in erythrocytes, and in reticulocytes. Mice with chemically induced and with genetically conditioned reticulocytosis as found in the lactate dehydrogenase deficient strain (Ldh-1c/Ldh-1c) were used for analysis of reticulocytic enzyme activities. The activity of the biopterin synthesizing system is highest in bone marrow even though it amounts to only about 10% as compared with liver. The first enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway, GTP-cyclohydrolase, virtually disappears during the final maturation step of reticulocytes. In contrast, the activities of 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase and of sepiapterin reductase of erythrocytes are only reduced to about one half of the reticulocyte level. The absence of biopterin in erythrocytes is therefore caused by the loss of the enzyme that initiates the pterin biosynthetic pathway.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041420208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of hexose on chloramphenicol sensitivity and resistance in chinese hamster cells (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 98 (1979), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The toxicity and extent of growth inhibition produced by chloramphenicol (CAP) in CAPs Chinese hamster cells (line V79-5) was found to be dependent on the type and concentration of hexose in the medium. In high levels of glucose (6.5 mM), cultures of CAPs cells underwent 7-8 population doublings in the presence of 100 μg/ml CAP and viability then dropped rapidly. In contrast, lower concentrations of glucose (1.0 mM) permitted only limited growth (2-3 doublings) in the presence of 100 μg/ml CAP, but the cells remained viable and apparently quiescent for prolonged periods of time. The growth potential of V79-5 cells in CAP appeared specifically dependent on glucose, as mannose and galactose could not substitute for glucose. The toxicity of CAP to these cells seemed to be determined primarily by the number of cell doublings in the presence of the drug.A CAPR derivative of V79-5, designated 5-3, was analyzed in order to determine whether the requirement for glucose for cell growth in the presence of CAP also occurred in cells that were isolated as resistant to the drug. In order to rigorously control the hexose in the medium, some experiments were performed with medium containing dialysed, instead of whole, fetal calf serum. It was seen that the growth of the CAPR line in the presence (but not the absence) of 100 μg/ml CAP was dependent on glucose in the medium. Thus, resistance to CAP in these cells appears to be a conditional state, dependent on glucose for expression. Furthermore, the glucose auxotrophy of these cells in the presence of CAP suggests that CAP is still affecting some activities in cells isolated as CAPR.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040980321
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Participation of proteinase yscA in the in vitro formation of the smaller subunit of glycogen phosphorylase in extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 925-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Glycogen phosphorylase ; phosphorylase monomers ; proteinase yscA ; proteolytic modification ; Saccharomyces ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Analyses by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gradient-gel electrophoresis and Western blotting of the proteins from boiled cell samples from all growth phases of yeast cultures, and from all stages of extract preparation indicate that the smaller subunit (s-monomer), which is found in purified glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) from baker's yeast, is not present in the living cell. It is observed in extracts of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and S. cerevisiae after incubation at ambient temperatures or even after storage in the frozen state at -25°C. Its formation is sensitive towards pepstatin A, and it is absent from extracts of several mutants of S. cerevisiae that do not contain active proteinase yscA (EC 3.4.33.6). When purified proteinase yscA-deficient strains are grown with a reduced amount of complex nitrogen compounds, the slightly smaller sc-monomer is formed in their extracts. This event must be attributed to a different proteinase, since it is sensitive towards p-hydroxymercuriphenylsulphonate, but not towards pepstatin A. The N-terminal amino acid of the sc-monomer was found to be blocked, as in the case of the native 1-monomer, but not the s-monomer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070904
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